Klopni meningoencefalitis in borelioza

• Main Author: Stradovnik, Nika
• Other Authors: Torkar, Gregor
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: N. Stradovnik 2017
• Subjects: klop; bolezni; preventiva; zaščita; gozd; disease; bolezen; info:eu-repo/classification/udc/616.831.9-002(043.2); Lymska; sami
• Online Access: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=95075; https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=103602&dn=; https://plus.si.cobiss.net/opac7/bib/11693385?lang=sl

Naravno okolje pozitivno vpliva na ljudi, saj zvišuje raven koncentracije, pozitivnih občutkov, nudi možnost rekreacije, znižuje nivo stresa, blagodejno vpliva na naše zdravje, na kognitivni in moralni razvoj, na komunikacijo, senzomotoriko in na socialno-emocionalni razvoj. Po drugi strani se je potrebno zavedati, da v gozdu živijo tudi klopi, ki so lahko prenašalci različnih virusov, bakterij in zajedavcev. Prav tako lahko klopi povzročajo hude bolezni, kot sta na primer lymska borelioza in klopni meningoencefalitis. Da bi otroke pripravili na nadaljnje življenje, jih je potrebno soočiti s problematiko klopov in jih tudi ustrezno podučiti o preventivnem ravnanju za boljšo zaščito pred klopi. Kurikulum za vrtce (1999) spodbuja spoznavanje naravnega okolja in bivanje v njem, prav tako pa v ciljih pri področju narava navaja, da otrok v vrtcu spoznava, kako se lahko zavaruje pred poškodbami in boleznimi. Vzgojitelji bi lahko vzeli problematiko klopov kot izziv in otroke naučili vseh zaščitnih ukrepov pred klopi, s tem pa jim omogočili zdravo in varno, a še vedno pestro izkustveno učenje v naravi. Glavni cilj diplomske naloge je bil ugotoviti, kakšne so izkušnje in mnenja vzgojiteljev glede preventive pred klopi in kako to vpliva na izvedbeni kurikulum. V raziskavi, ki smo jo opravili, je sodelovalo 158 vzgojiteljev iz cele Slovenije. Raziskava je pokazala, da med najpogostejše zaščitne ukrepe proti klopom, ki jih uporabljajo vzgojitelji pri svojem delu, sodijo uporaba repelentov, uporaba primernih oblačil za otroke in obvestila staršem o primerni zaščiti otrok. Petina vprašanih ne uporablja nobenih ukrepov za zaščito otrok pred klopi. Iz raziskave smo ugotovili, da šestina vzgojiteljev vedno pregleda otroke po obisku narave, polovica to stori občasno, tretjina pa tega ne stori nikoli. Če vzgojitelji na otroku odkrijejo klopa, le-tega večina med njimi, če je le mogoče, odstrani. Kar tretjina vzgojiteljev tega ne stori, večina med njimi o tem le obvesti starše ali skrbnike otroka. Ugotovili smo, da tretjina vzgojiteljev otroke spodbuja k sodelovanju pri preventivnih ukrepih za zaščito pred klopi. Najpogosteje otroke vključujejo tako, da se le-ti sami pregledajo, popršijo z repelenti in primerno oblečejo. Ugotovili smo, da velik del vzgojiteljev klopom bodisi ni naklonjen bodisi do njih goji strah, so pa anketirani vzgojitelji zelo zainteresirani za razna dodatna usposabljanja in predavanja o klopih ter boleznih, ki jih ti prenašajo. Pomembna ugotovitev je tudi ta, da v veliki večini klopi ne vplivajo na pogostost zahajanja vrtčevskih skupin v naravo. Opravljena raziskava je pomembna, saj podobnih raziskav o izvajanju zaščitnih ukrepov pred klopi v slovenskih vrtcih še ni. Dobljeni rezultati bodo pripomogli k oblikovanju novih smernic za učinkovito preventivno delovanje v vrtcu in za boljšo zaščito pred okužbami. Natural environment affects people in a positive way. Being in a natural environment raises our level of concentration, makes us feel better overall, offers the possibility of outdoor recreation, reduces stress, and has a beneficial effect on our health, cognitive and ethical development, communication, sensorimotor system, and our social-emotional development. But we have to be aware of ticks that also live in the woods and can be potential carriers of many types of viruses, bacteria and parasites. Ticks can also cause severe illnesses, like Lyme disease or tick-borne meningoencephalitis. To prepare children for the future, we have to confront them with the tick-issue and teach them how to prevent and protect themselves against ticks. Preschool curriculum (1999) encourages children to get to know and spend time in the natural environment. It also states that children must learn by attending the subject nature how to protect themselves from injuries and illnesses. Teachers could take tick-issue as a challenge, and teach children all protection measures against ticks. That way they would be able to healthily and safely learn while being in nature. The main goal of this dissertation is to find out what are the experiences and opinions of teachers regarding preventive measures against ticks and how it affects the consisting curriculum. 158 teachers around Slovenia took part in our research. The research showed that most common protection measures against ticks that teachers use at work are repellents, making sure that children are properly clothed, and that parents are well-informed about proper protection measures. One-fifth of the participants do not use any protection measures to protect children against ticks. The research showed that one-sixth of the teachers participating always check the children after being in nature, half of the teachers check the children occasionally, and one-third never check the children. If a teacher finds a tick on a child, they remove it when this is possible. However, one-third of the teachers do not remove the ticks themselves but they inform the parents or legal guardians about the situation. One-third of the teachers encourage children to take part in preventive measures to protect themselves against ticks. Often teachers encourage children to check themselves and teach them how to use repellents, and how to dress properly. The research showed that many teachers do not like ticks or they are afraid of them. However, they are very interested in various additional training or lectures involving ticks, and diseases ticks carry. One of the important findings also shows that ticks do not affect the frequency of preschool groups visiting the nature. This research is important because these kinds of studies about using protection measures against ticks in Slovenian nursery schools do not exist yet. Results we gathered will help create new guidelines for taking preventive actions in preschools and to be better protected against infections.