Spolno nasilje med mladostniki z zmerno motnjo v duševnem razvoju v institucijah

• Main Author: Krivec, Tina
• Other Authors: Jerman, Janez
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: 2016
• Subjects: mladostništvo; adolescence; Recess; sami
• Online Access: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=84912; https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=88030&dn=; http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=cobib&rid=11142985&fmt=11

V diplomskem delu smo raziskali, v kolikšni meri, če sploh, se spolno nasilje dogaja med mladostniki z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju v institucijah in na kakšen način ter koliko se strokovni delavci aktivno vključujejo v preventivo omenjene problematike. V prvem delu so predstavljene značilnosti mladostništva, ki so prisotne bolj ali manj pri vseh mladostnikih, ne glede na to, ali imajo motnje v duševnem razvoju ali ne. Opredeljene so motnje v duševnem razvoju s poudarkom na zmernih motnjah v duševnem razvoju, spolno vedenje ter doživljanje ljubezni in spolnosti pri mladostnikih z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju. Pojasnjen je pojem spolno nasilje in analiziran Posebni program vzgoje in izobraževanja pri področjih, ki zajemajo cilje spolne vzgoje. V drugem delu so prikazani rezultati empirične raziskave, v kateri je sodelovalo sedemnajst mladostnikov z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju in trideset specialnih in rehabilitacijskih pedagogov. Podatki so zbrani s pomočjo individualnih intervjujev z mladostniki z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju in s pomočjo anketnih vprašalnikov za specialne in rehabilitacijske pedagoge. Raziskava je pokazala, da 43 % mladostnikov z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju pokaže svojo naklonjenost, ljubezen do drugih ljudi, tako da jih objame – kadarkoli in kjerkoli. Njihovo razumevanje, doživljanje spolnosti in ljubezni je zelo različno. 65 % mladostnikov z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju je mnenja, da ni razlik med izkazovanjem ljubezni, naklonjenosti do staršev, prijateljev oziroma punce/fanta. Med vrstniki 59 % mladostnikov z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju opaža pojav spolnega nasilja, 41 % pa jih je potrdilo, da so bili tudi sami žrtve. 77 % specialnih in rehabilitacijskih pedagogov opaža spolno nasilje med svojimi učenci, ki se po mnenju polovice anketiranih dogaja najpogosteje med odmori. Najbolj pogosto vedenje, ki se pri tem kaže, je objemanje in otipavanje. Žrtve spolnega nasilja so po njihovem mnenju tako dekleta kot fantje. 68 % specialnih in rehabilitacijskih pedagogov je odgovorilo, da bi lahko na področju preventive spolnega nasilja med mladostniki z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju naredilo več. Kar 82 % pa si želi dodatna izobraževanja in usposabljanja na temo spolnega nasilja. This thesis explores to which extent, if any at all, sexual violence occurs among adolescents with moderate dysfunction inside institutions and the means and frequency of expert workers' active participation in the prevention of the mentioned issue. In the first part, adolescent characteristics that are more or less present with all the adolescents, regardless of the presence or lack of mental development dysfunction, are introduced. Mental development dysfunction with special emphasis on moderate mental development dysfunction is defined, as well as sexual behaviour and the experiencing of love and sexuality in persons with the said dysfunction. The term sexual violence is explained and the Upbringing and education special program in areas that encompass sexual education goals is analysed. In the second part, the results of the empirical research that comprised seventeen adolescents with moderate mental development dysfunction and thirty special and rehabilitation pedagogues, are shown. The data that is shown was gathered using individual interviews of the adolescents with moderate mental development dysfunction and questionnaires for the special and rehabilitation pedagogues. The research shows that 43 % of the adolescents with moderate mental development dysfunction express their affection, love toward other people by hugging them – anytime and anywhere. These adolescents' understanding and perception of love varies a lot. 65 % of adolescents with moderate mental development dysfunction are of the opinion that there is no difference between expressing love, affection toward their parents, friends or their girlfriend/boyfriend. Among peers, 59 % of the adolescents with moderate mental development dysfunction have noticed the presence of sexual abuse, while 41 % of them have confirmed being victims of the said abuse themselves. 77 % of the special and rehabilitation pedagogues have noticed sexual abuse among their students and half of the pedagogues are of the opinion that the abuse happens most often during the recess period. The most common behaviours displayed are hugging and groping. In the peadagogues' opinion, the victims of the sexual abuse are girls as well as boys. 68% of the special and rehabilitation pedagogues answered that more could be done in the area of preventing sexual abuse among adolescents with moderate mental development dysfunction. As much as 82 % of the pedagogues would want to be additionally educated and trained on the topic of sexual abuse.