Kozača Strix uralensis v Sloveniji - Mihelič, Tomaž; Vrezec, Al; Perušek, Mirko; Svetličič, Jože (Društvo za opazovanje in proučevanje ptic Slovenije, 2015)
The paper sets out to assess the distribution of the Ural Owl Strix uralensis macroura in Slovenia. In the breeding season it occurs between 150 and 1,600 ma.s.l. (1st and 3rd quartile between 660 and 1,100 m a.s.l. median = 850 m a.s.l.), while in the nonbreeding and winter periods it is found some-what lower, i.e. between 180 and 1,230 m a.s.l. (1st and 3rd quartile between 300 and 850 m a.s.l. median = 550 m a.s.l.) In Slovenia, the Ural Owl is considered a species with high tolerance in altitudinal distribution its occurrence depends not so much on altitude but on habitat, where an important role is played by the state of the forest in which it lives, particularly by the proportion of old trees or their older phases of development. The majorityof Ural Owls in Slovenia inhabit the Dinaric zoogeographical region, where they live mostly in beech and fir forests Omphalodo-Fagetum s. lat., butcan be also found in other forest associations: Lamio orvale-Fagetum s. lat., Anemone trifoliae-Fagetum, Ranunculo- Fagetum, Adenostylo glabrae-Piceetum and Pseudostellario-Quercetum roboris. In winter, the Ural Owl was observed a number of times in habitats untypical of this species: opencultural landscapes, parks, orchards and urban environments. The majoritv of the Ural Owl's nest found in Slovenia were situated in tree holes and stumps (71.4%) at the height ranging from 1 to 10 m (avg. 5.2 m) from the ground. Less often (19.0%) they were found in stick nests of birds of prey (Common Buzzard Buteo buteo, Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus) at heights rangingfrom 8 to 18 m (avg. 12 m) from the ground, once (4.8%) in nestbox and once on the ground. Some high ecological densities of these birds were established at separate Slovene localities, i.e. from 2-3 pairs/10 km2 (Krim Mountains, Ribnica-Kočevje district) to 4-5 pairs/10 km2 (Trnovski gozd, Mt. Snežnik). (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters.) Članek obravnava razširjenost kozače Strix uralensis macroura v Sloveniji v gnezditvenem in negnezditvenem obdobju, njeno višinsko razširjenost, habitat, gnezditveni prostor ter populacijske ocene in ekološke gostote, ugotovljene v Sloveniji. Podatki so bili zbrani iz literature in od opazovalcev, ekološke gostote pa so bile ugotavljane s posnetki oglašanja. Kozača je bila v Sloveniji odkrita na devetih območjih (21% slovenske površine). Obravnavano jetudi območje Čičarije (JZ Slovenija), kjer je bila vrsta ugotovljena le na hrvaški strani, s Štajerske (Pohorje, Haloze SV Slovenija) pa ni zanesljivih novejših podatkov. V gnezditvenem obdobju je v Sloveniji razširjena med 150 in1.600 m (1. in 3. kvartil med 660 in 1.100 m mediana = 850 m), medtem ko sev negnezditvenem in zimskem obdobju spusti v nižje lege med 180 in 1.230 m (1. in 3. kvartil med 300 in 850 m mediana = 550 m). Kozača je v Sloveniji vrsta z veliko toleranco v višinski razširjenosti in je bolj kot od nadmorske višine pri razširjenosti odvisna od habitata, kjer ima pomembno vlogo stanje gozda, predvsem delež starega drevja oziroma starejših razvojnih faz. Največ kozač v Sloveniji živi v dinarski zoogeografski regiji, kjer večinoma poseljujejo gozd bukve z jelko Omphalodo-Fagetum s. lat., živi pa tudi v drugih gozdnih združbah: Lamio orvale-Fagetum s. lat., Anemonetrifoliae-Fagetum, Ranunculo-Fageturrt, Adenostylo glabrae-Piceetum, Pseudostellario-Quercetum roboris in Pseudostellario-Carpinetum betuli. Pozimije bila kozača večkrat opazovana tudi v zanjo precej netipičnih habitatih: odprta kulturna krajina, parki, sadovnjaki in urbana okolja. (Izvleček prekinjen pri 2000 znakih.)