Abrazija avtomobilskih gum in nastajanje mikroplastike

• Main Author: Jeler, Petra
• Other Authors: Kalčikova, Gabriela
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: mikroplastika; gumeni delci; onesnaževanje; strupenost; adsorpcija; microplastic; tire wear particles; pollution; toxicity; adsorption; sami
• Online Access: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=141154; https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=162080&dn=; https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/bib/131817219; https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12556/RUL-141154

Mikroplastika predstavlja vedno večji problem, saj se njena količina v okolju izrazito povečuje, njeno zajemanje in odstranjevanje pa ni preprosto. Precejšen del mikroplastike v okolju predstavljajo gumeni delci, ki nastanejo z abrazijo avtomobilskih gum. Količina gumenih delcev je odvisna od več dejavnikov: lastnosti pnevmatike, vozila in cestišča, načina vožnje ter vremenskih pogojev. Njihovo določanje v okolju ni enostavno in večinoma se določajo sestavne komponente, ki jih imenujemo markerji, in nam pomagajo pri detekciji in kvantifikaciji gumenih delcev v raznih predelih okolja. Njihova prisotnost je bila zaznana v cestnem prahu, bližnji zemlji, površinskih in sprejemnih vodah, sedimentih ter zraku. Na delce se lahko adsorbirajo snovi iz okolja. Sami delci, adsorbirane snovi ter sestavne kemikalije, ki se tudi izlužujejo, ogrožajo organizme v okolju. Za zmanjšanje onesnaženosti z gumenimi delci je potrebno boljše ozaveščanje, učinkovitejše zajemanje in odstranjevanje ob viru ali med transportom v okolico ter razvitje novih tehnologij na področju sestave gumene zmesi in njene interakcije s cestiščem. The presence of microplastics is an increasing problem as its quantity in the environment increases significantly while its collection and disposal has not been easy. Tire wear particles, formed by the abrasion of car tires, represent a significant part of microplastics in the environment. The amount of tire wear particles depends on several factors, including the characteristics of the tires, vehicles and roads, driving style, and weather conditions. Their detection in the environment is not easy, and it is mainly the components, called markers, that are identified and help detect and quantify tire wear particles in various parts of the environment. Their presence has been detected in road dust, nearby soil, surface and receiving waters, sediments, and air. The particles can adsorb contaminants and they can then also leach them back into the environment. Therefore, they represent a threat to organisms in the ...