Vodenje nadzorovane paše domačih živali na območju pojavljanja volka (Canis lupus L.)

• Main Author: Hočevar, Katarina
• Other Authors: Vidrih, Matej
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: K. Hočevar 2021
• Subjects: nadzorovana paša; volk; elektroograja; upravljanje velikih zveri; preprečevanje škode velikih zveri; rastlinojedi čuvaji; psi čuvaji; controlled grazing; wolf; electric fence; large carnivore management; large carnivore damage prevention; herbivore guardians; livestock guardian dogs; info:eu-repo/classification/udc/636.084.22:632.69:599.744.111:639.1.07(043.2); Psi; Volk; Zavod; Canis lupus
• Online Access: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=131109; https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=148364&dn=; https://plus.si.cobiss.net/opac7/bib/77620995?lang=sl

Za ohranjanje kulturne krajine in preprečevanje zaraščanja območji, si lahko pomagamo z domačimi rejnimi živalmi, ki jih vodeno pasemo po takšnih območjih. V Sloveniji predstavljajo kar polovico kmetijskih zemljišč trajni travniki in pašniki. Za vodenje nadzorovane paše v hribovitem svetu in na krasu morajo biti kmetijska zemljišča ograjena na večje število manjših ograd. Velik problem pri nadzorovani paši predstavljajo napadi velikih zveri. Ker pa so ljudje velike zveri v preteklosti skoraj iztrebili, so danes to zavarovane vrste, ki zahtevajo posebno upravljanje. Upravljanje velikih zveri v Sloveniji vodi Zavod za gozdove Slovenije, na ravni Evropske unije pa ni enotnega upravljanja, vsaka država upravljanje vodi po svoje, vendar se morajo držati Direktive o habitatih. V Sloveniji veliko škode povzroči volk in sicer na območjih, kjer je prisotnost volka največja. Največ škode povzročene s strani volka beležijo na drobnici. Obstaja veliko metod za zavarovanje premoženja pred volkom. Najučinkovitejše so zagotovo elektromreže, ki morajo biti pravilno nameščene in redno vzdrževane. Za varovanje živali preko noči, pa uporabljamo nočne ograde, ki so nameščene znotraj pašnika in živali še bolje varujejo pred napadi. Obstajajo pa tudi rastlinojedi čuvaji in psi čuvaji. Za najbolj optimalno varovanje premoženja je priporočena kombinacija različnih metod varovanja in redna prisotnost rejca. Ob primeru škode, je vsak rejec, ki pravilno izvaja varovalne ukrepe upravičen do odškodnine. We can help to preserve our cultural landscape and prevent the overgrowth of certain areas with a guided grazing of the livestock. Pastures and meadows in Slovenia represent half of the agricultural land. For successful guided grazing on Slovenian hilly landscapes and in the Southwest Slovenian region “Kras”, these areas need to be enclosed with a large number of smaller fences. Numerous attacks of wild animals in these regions present a big threat to guided grazing. In the past, the human population almost eradicated these animal species, therefore, they are now highly protected and they require a special management. Carnivore management in Slovenia is led by The Slovenia Forest Service, but there is currently no unifying management dealing with the entire European Union, therefore, each country is managing it their own way, although they need to stick to the Habitats Directive. Wolves present a big threat to the agriculture on Slovenian land, especially where their presence is in the highest numbers. It is most damaging towards the small cattle. There is, in fact, a lot of different methods to protect the property from wolves. The most effective ones definitely have to be electric fences, which need to be correctly installed and regularly maintained. For overnight protection of the livestock, we use night pens, which are set on the inside of the pasture, to hold the herd close together. Herbivore guardians and livestock guardian dogs are also quite effective. The most optimal protection of the property is a combination of different protection methods and regular attendance of the breeder. Every breeder, who is appropriately implementing safeguard measures in entitled to compensation in case of damage.