Uporaba gledališke lutke v pediatrični zdravstveni negi - Marjanović, Sanja (S. Marjanović, 2021)
Uvod: Za otroke je sprejem v bolnišnico stresna izkušnja, saj izgubijo vsakodnevno rutino, hospitalizacija jim predstavlja neznan dogodek, kjer so podvrženi diagnostično terapevtskim posegom, ki lahko povzročijo fizično in psihično slabo počutje. Hospitalizacije lahko povzročijo tesnobnost, ki se pri otrocih kaže tako, da ne želijo sodelovati, zato so zdravstveni strokovnjaki primorani uporabiti svojo kreativnost, da povečajo otrokovo zanimanje in sodelovanje. Eden izmed teh načinov je igra z lutko, saj pomaga otrokom pri spopadanju z negativnimi čustvi, ki jih občutijo ob hospitalizaciji, zdravstvenim strokovnjakom pa ponuja možnost boljše komunikacije in s tem tesnejšega odnosa z otroki. Namen: Želeli smo proučiti uporabo gledaliških lutk in z njo povezanih dejavnosti, kot je na primer lutkovna predstava v pediatrični zdravstveni negi, ter vlogo medicinske sestre pri tem. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda, in sicer s pregledom izbrane strokovne in znanstvene literature s področja uporabe gledališke lutke v pediatrični zdravstveni negi. Časovni okvir za vključitev so bili članki od leta 2010 do 2020. Na temelju vključitvenih in izključitvenih meril je bilo v analizo vključenih 25 enot literature. Rezultati: Avtorji so ugotovili pozitivne učinke uporabe lutk in lutkovnih predstav pri obravnavi otrok, saj so bili otroci manj tesnobni in prestrašeni pred, med in po diagnostično terapevtskih posegih. Ob lutkah so se počutili varno in lažje so spregovorili o svojih občutkih, saj jim ni bilo treba vzpostaviti neposrednega očesnega stika z drugo osebo, ampak so komunicirali preko lutke, zato so odličen pripomoček za večje zaupanje in boljšo komunikacijo med bolnim otrokom in medicinsko sestro. Gledališke lutke so se izkazale kot koristno orodje za prikaz diagnostično terapevtskih posegov, kar otrokom ponuja možnost, da tudi sami izvedejo diagnostično terapevtski poseg in ga vidijo z drugega zornega kota. Prav tako pa so lutke odličen pripomoček za distrakcijo med neprijetnimi diagnostično terapevtski posegi. Razprava in zaključek: Uporaba lutk kot del komunikacijske strategije pomaga otrokom bolje razumeti njihovo zdravstveno stanje, zdravstvenim strokovnjakom pa ponuja možnost bolje razumeti otroška čustva ter s tem ponuja možnost tesnejšega odnosa. Po pregledu literature smo ugotovili, da se gledališka lutka v pediatrični zdravstveni negi uporablja najpogosteje istočasno s terapevtsko in terapevtsko dramsko igro. Zaznali smo pomanjkanje raziskav s tega področja. Menimo, da bi nadaljnje raziskave lahko predstavile odgovore na vprašanja, kako različne igralne intervencije z gledališko lutko čim bolje prenesti v delovno okolje in pri tem čim bolje vključiti medicinske sestre. Introduction: Hospital admission is a stressful experience for children because it interrupts their daily routines. Hospitalization brings about unknown circumstances in which children are subject to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that may induce physical and mental malaise. Hospitalizations are known to trigger anxiety, which manifests itself in children's unwillingness to cooperate, forcing healthcare professionals to be resourceful in promoting children’s interest in cooperation. One of the methods involves the use of puppets, which help children overcome negative emotions experienced during hospitalization, while at the same time allowing healthcare professionals to improve their communication and form close relationships with the children. Purpose: We wanted to study the use of puppets and puppet-related activities, such as puppet play in pediatric healthcare and the role of nurses in this activity. Methods: We used a descriptive method by conducting a review of professional and scientific literature on using puppets in pediatric healthcare. Included in the review were articles published between 2010 and 2020. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final analysis comprised a total of 25 literature units. Results: The authors have identified positive effects of using puppets in puppet plays while treating children, since children were less anxious and afraid before, during and after diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Puppets made them feel safe and facilitated their expression of emotions – children did not have to maintain a direct eye contact with another person instead, they communicated with puppets. This makes puppets an excellent tool for establishing great trust and providing a more efficient communication between hospitalized children and nurses. Puppet play is thus a valuable tool for presenting diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, providing children with the opportunity to carry out a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure themselves and experience it from a different perspective. What is more, puppets are also a valuable tool for distracting children during unpleasant diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Discussion and conclusion: Using puppets as part of the communication strategy helps children better understand their health condition, while at the same time providing healthcare professionals with an opportunity to better understand children's emotions and, consequently, establish closer relationships with them. In our literature review, we have found that in pediatric healthcare, puppet play is most frequently used in combination with therapeutic play and dramatherapy. We have identified a lack of research on the subject. We believe that further research might provide answers to the question of how different puppet play interventions can be implemented in the work environment by involving nurses to the greatest extent possible.