Prepoznavanje procesa žalovanja pri mladostnikih v vzgojnem zavodu z vidika mladostnikov in vzgojiteljev - Vovk, Klavdija (2021)
Magistrsko delo obravnava proces žalovanja mladostnikov, ki so trenutno nameščeni v vzgojnih zavodih, pri katerem predstavim dve perspektivi – perspektivo mladostnikov in perspektivo vzgojiteljev. Perspektiva mladostnikov se osredotoča predvsem na njihovo življenje in izkušnje, ki jih sami zaznavajo kot težke in na prepoznavanje procesa žalovanja pri sebi, perspektiva vzgojiteljev pa zajema njihovo opažanje in odzivanje na žalovanje pri mladostnikih. Ker je vsaka izkušnja žalovanja težka in žalovanje ni le proces po izgubi pomembnega drugega, je bil namen empiričnega dela predstaviti raznolike izkušnje, izgube in spremembe v življenju mladostnikov, nameščenih v vzgojnem zavodu. Zanimalo me je, kako proces žalovanja mladostniki zaznavajo pri sebi in kako ga povezujejo s svojimi izkušnjami, kako na proces gledajo danes in kaj jim je pri tem pomagalo, pri čemer se posebej osredotočim na pomoč, ki so jo prejemali s strani vzgojiteljev. Namestitvi v vzgojni zavod kot pomembni prelomnici v mladostnikovem življenju namestim posebno pozornost, saj je tudi to lahko sprožilec procesa žalovanja, izkušnja pa je skupna vsem nameščenim. Zanimal me je tudi pogled vzgojiteljev v vzgojnem zavodu na žalovanje mladostnikov, njihovo prepoznavanje procesa in odzivanje nanj. V teoretičnem delu predstavim vzgojne zavode, čustvene in vedenjske težave, nato pa se osredotočim na sam proces žalovanja, njegove značilnosti in specifike pri populaciji mladostnikov, zaključim pa s pomembnimi vidiki pomoči in podpore pri delu z žalujočimi mladostniki in omenim nekaj konkretnih metod, ki jih lahko vzgojitelji uporabljajo pri delu. Raziskava je bila izvedena s kvalitativnim raziskovalnim pristopom. Vzorec je zajemal 10 sogovornikov, od katerih je bilo 6 mladostnikov, 4 pa vzgojiteljev v vzgojnem zavodu. Z opravljeno raziskavo sem ugotovila, da mladostniki žalujejo za različnimi stvarmi, kar je odvisno od njihovega vrednostnega sistema. Sprožilci žalovanja se gibljejo od smrti oseb in živali do ločitev in posledično izgube odnosa z enim izmed staršev, prekinitve prijateljskih vezi, različnih sprememb okolja, med katere sodi tudi namestitev v vzgojni zavod, do izgube zdravja in varnosti. Glavne ugotovitve kažejo, da so mladostniki namestitev v vzgojni zavod razmeroma pozitivno sprejeli, saj so spremembo videli kot priložnost za nov začetek, pri tem pa so imeli veliko vlogo vzgojitelji. Ključ podpore vzgojiteljev pri procesu žalovanja tako skupina mladostnikov kot tudi skupina vzgojiteljev vidi v gradnji odnosa med njimi, v zaupanju in sprejemanju. Tudi prepoznavanje žalovanja in odkrivanje sprožilcev s strani vzgojiteljev je pogojeno z odnosom z mladostnikom, poznavanjem njegove zgodbe in povezovanjem. Mladostnikom je pri bolečih izgubah pomagalo dejstvo, da so bili vzgojitelji tam zanje, da jih je nekdo poslušal in izrazil iskreno zanimanje za njihovo zgodbo, poleg tega pa jih ni obsojal in vrednotil. Vse intervjuvane osebe delijo zavedanje o žalovanju kot procesu, ki se ne zgodi le po smrti, ampak po različnih izgubah. The master's thesis discusses the process of grieving of adolescents who are currently placed in educational institutions. Two perspectives are presented - the perspective of adolescents and the perspective of educators. The adolescents’ perspective focuses mainly on their lives and experiences, which they perceive as difficult, and on recognizing the grieving process in themselves, while the educators’ perspective includes their observations and response to adolescents’ grief. Any grieving experience is difficult and grieving is not just a process after the loss of an important person, therefore the purpose of this empirical work is to present the diverse experiences, losses, and changes in the lives of adolescents placed in educational institutions. I was interested in how adolescents perceive their own grieving process and how they connect it to their own experiences, how they view the process today and what helped them getting through it, with a particular focus on the help they received from educators. I pay special attention to the placement in an educational institution as an important turning point in a young person's life, as this can also trigger the grieving process, and the experience is common to all those placed. Moreover, I was interested in how the educators in the educational institutions view the grieving adolescents, how they recognize the process and how they respond to it. In the theoretical part, I present the educational institutions, emotional and behavioural problems, then I focus on the grieving process itself, its characteristics and specifics when it comes to adolescents. I conclude with important aspects of help and support in working with grieving adolescents and also mention some concrete methods that can be used by educators in their work. The research was conducted with a qualitative research approach. The sample included 10 people, 6 of whom were adolescents and 4 were educators in an educational institution. The research showed that adolescents grieve for different things, depending on their value system. The grieving triggers range from the death of people and animals to divorce and consequent loss of a relationship with one of the parents, loss of friendships, various changes in the environment, including placement in an educational institution, to loss of health and safety. The main findings show that adolescents accepted their placement in an educational institution rather positively, as they saw the change as an opportunity for a new beginning, with educators playing a major role. The key of the educators' support in the grieving process is seen by both the adolescent group and the group of educators in building a relationship between them, in trust and acceptance. The recognition of grieving and the discovery of triggers by educators is conditioned by the relationship with the adolescents, knowledge of their story, and a formed connection between them. The fact that educators were there for them, that someone listened to them and expressed a sincere interest in their story, and in addition, did not condemn and evaluate them, helped the adolescents with their painful losses. All interviewees share an awareness of grieving as a process that occurs not only after death but after various losses.