Uporaba metod senzorne integracije pri motiviranju za doseganje zastavljenih ciljev

• Main Author: Kurnik, Katja
• Other Authors: Polak, Alenka
• Format: Master Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: Motnja senzorne integracije; Sensory integration disorder; Drago; sami
• Online Access: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=124971; https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=140594&dn=; https://plus.si.cobiss.net/opac7/bib/52756227?lang=sl

Za obravnavo oseb z motnjo senzorne integracije se v svetu uporabljajo različni pristopi dela. Magistrsko delo obravnava dve metodi senzorne integracije v povezavi z motivacijo za doseganje zastavljenih ciljev, in sicer senzorno integracijo po dr. Ayres in snoezelen. S pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika sem raziskovala mnenje 23 strokovnih delavcev iz celotne Slovenije, ki so se v zadnjih štirih letih udeležili seminarja na temo senzorne integracije. Zanimalo me je, kako se sprememba motivacije za doseganje zastavljenih ciljev pokaže pri samih uporabnikih in kako uporaba pristopa senzorne integracije in pristopa snoezelen vpliva na motivacijo izvajalcev senzorne stimulacije. Vzporedno sem izvedla pet polstrukturiranih fokusnih intervjujev z osebami, ki delajo na področju senzorne integracije z različnimi ciljnimi skupinami: z osebami z nezgodno možgansko poškodbo, z otroki in mladostniki z motnjami v duševnem razvoju in z motnjami avtističnega spektra, s starostniki z demenco ter z otroki s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami. Namen empirične raziskave je bil preveriti, kaj intervjuvanci menijo o tem, na kakšen način in v kolikšni meri delo po pristopu senzorne integracije in po pristopu snoezelen vpliva na povečanje motivacije uporabnikov in izvajalcev za doseganje zastavljenih ciljev. Rezultati empirične raziskave kažejo, da ima večina strokovnih delavcev z metodami senzorne integracije pozitivne izkušnje, predvsem pri doseganju sproščenosti in umirjenosti. Strokovni delavci v raziskavi najbolj pogosto delajo z osebami s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami, osebami s primanjkljajem pozornosti in motnjo hiperaktivnosti, osebami z motnjami avtističnega spektra, gibalno oviranimi osebami ter osebami z motnjami v duševnem razvoju. Strokovni delavci poudarjajo individualni pristop in samoiniciativo, tako pri samem izobraževanju o senzorni integraciji kot pri izdelovanju pripomočkov za izvajanje senzornih aktivnosti, saj kot pomanjkljivost dela na področju senzorne integracije navajajo drago opremo. Prav tako večina opaža, da imajo premalo časa za uporabo metod senzorne integracije, torej delajo z uporabniki redkeje, a takrat bolj intenzivno. Obravnava sicer traja od deset minut za intenzivno terapijo do dveh ur, če gre za sproščanje ali celo uspavanje. Cilje na področju senzorne integracije najbolj pogosto določijo strokovni delavci sami ali skupaj z uporabnikom. Po mnenju strokovnih delavcev uporaba novih pripomočkov in efektov pripomore k dvigu motivacije uporabnikov za delo na področju zastavljenih ciljev. Na delovno motivacijo sodelujočih v raziskavi pa pozitivno vplivata timsko delo in interdisciplinarnost pri obravnavi posameznikov s pomočjo senzorne integracije. Rezultati bodo strokovnim delavcem, ki delajo z uporabniki na področju senzorne integracije, predstavili strategije, ki jih lahko uporabijo za dvig motivacije uporabnikov za doseganje zastavljenih ciljev ter bodo morda ključno pripomogle k njihovemu uspešnejšemu funkcioniranju. Different work approaches are used around the world to treat people with sensory integration disorder. The master's thesis deals with two methods of sensory integration in connection with the motivation to achieve the set objectives, namely sensory integration according to dr. Ayres and snoezelen. With the help of a questionnaire, I researched the opinions of 23 professional workers from all over Slovenia who had attended a seminar on sensory integration within the last four years. I was interested in how the change in motivation to achieve the set objectives is reflected in the users themselves and how the use of the sensory integration approach and the snoezelen approach affects the motivation of sensory stimulation providers. In parallel, I conducted five semi-structured focus interviews with people working in the field of sensory integration with different target groups: people with accidental brain injury, children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders, the elderly with dementia and children with emotional and behavioural disorders. The purpose of the empirical research was to examine what the interviewees think about how and to what extent treatment based on the sensory integration approach and on the snoezelen approach has an impact on increasing the motivation of users and providers to achieve the set objectives. The results of the empirical research show that most professional workers have positive experience with sensory integration methods, especially in achieving relaxation and calmness. Professionals workers in the research most often work with people with emotional and behavioural disorders, people with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, people with autism spectrum disorders, people with reduced mobility and with people with intellectual disabilities. Professionals workers emphasize the individual approach and self-initiative, both in the education on sensory integration and in the creation of tools for the implementation of sensory activities, as they report expensive equipment as a disadvantage of work in the field of sensory integration. Most also notice that they do not have enough time to use sensory integration methods, so they work with users less often, but then more intensively. The treatment lasts from ten minutes for intensive therapy to two hours if it is a matter of relaxation or even falling asleep. Objectives in the field of sensory integration are most often set by professional workers alone or together with the user. According to professional workers, the use of new tools and effects helps to increase the motivation of users to work on the set objectives. The work motivation of the participants in the research is positively influenced by teamwork and interdisciplinarity in the treatment of individuals with the help of sensory integration. To professionals working in the field of sensory integration, the results will present strategies that they can use to increase the motivation of users to achieve the set objectives and may be a key contributor to their more successful functioning.