Prosti čas učencev 5. razreda osnovne šole v Sloveniji

• Main Author: Krpan, Maja
• Other Authors: Hergan, Irena
• Format: Master Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: prosti čas; leisure time; Pogost; Sisters The; sami
• Online Access: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=124964; https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=140587&dn=; https://plus.si.cobiss.net/opac7/bib/52189955 ?lang=sl

Prosti čas je za otroka zelo pomemben del dneva, saj lahko takrat poljubno izbira, kaj bo počel. Otroci naj bi v svojem prostem času počeli stvari, ki jim prinašajo veselje. Za nekatere so to športne dejavnosti, drugi pa svoj prosti čas raje izkoristijo za druženje s prijatelji ali družino. Pomembno je, da se zavedamo vpliva prostočasnih dejavnosti na otrokov kognitivni, čustveni in družbeni razvoj. Še posebej pa se je potrebno zavedati vpliva prostočasnih dejavnosti na otrokovo zdravje. Otroci lahko v sklopu prostočasnih dejavnosti izboljšujejo svoje motorične spretnosti, usvajajo nove veščine, pridobivajo novo znanje itd. Prostočasne dejavnosti, pri katerih so otroci fizično aktivni (npr. športne dejavnosti), imajo zagotovo več pozitivnih posledic na otrokovo rast in razvoj ter na njegovo zdravje kot pasivne prostočasne dejavnosti (npr. gledanje televizije). Ob hitrem napredku moderne tehnologije postaja pasivno preživet prosti čas med mladimi vse bolj pogost, kar lahko prinese veliko negativnih posledic. Pomembno je, da se tako starši kot tudi učitelji tega zavedajo. Starši imajo pomembno vlogo pri izbiri prostočasnih dejavnosti svojih otrok, saj so oni tisti, ki lahko svojim otrokom ponudijo različne dejavnosti, jih pri tem spodbujajo ter tudi sami predstavljajo model, kako kakovostno preživeti prosti čas. Tudi učitelji lahko svojim učencem svetujejo pri izbiri prostočasnih dejavnosti. Poleg tega pa lahko učitelji v svoje delo poskušajo vključiti čim več gibanja in pouka na prostem ter na takšen način pozitivno vplivajo na svoje učence. V empiričnem delu magistrskega dela smo se osredotočili na preživljanje prostega časa učencev 5. razreda. Izvedli smo raziskavo, v kateri je sodelovalo 145 učencev iz devetih različnih osnovnih šol iz devetih različnih krajev Slovenije, ki so v šolskem letu 2019/20 obiskovali 5. razred osnovne šole v Sloveniji. Za zbiranje podatkov smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik, ki smo ga učencem poslali v spletni obliki. Anketni vprašalnik je bil učencem poslan v času epidemije COVID-19, ko je pouk potekal na daljavo in je prosti čas potekal drugače kot sicer. Ugotavljali smo, kako učenci opredelijo prosti čas, kje in s kom ga preživljajo in s katerimi dejavnostmi se v prostem času ukvarjajo. Pridobljene podatke smo obdelali kvantitativno in kvalitativno. Rezultati so pokazali, da učenci svoj prosti čas najpogosteje opredelijo kot čas, ko lahko delajo, kar sami želijo. Večina učencev se v svojem prostem času ukvarja s športnimi dejavnostmi, pogosto se pogovarjajo s starši in gledajo televizijo. Z raziskavo smo prav tako ugotovili, da učenci več prostega časa preživijo notri, prosti čas najraje preživljajo s prijatelji, najpogosteje pa z bratom ali sestro. Pridobljeni podatki so pokazali, da učenci prosti čas najpogosteje preživljajo doma. Večina učencev ima v času podaljšanega bivanja in po pouku eno dejavnost tedensko. Dejavnosti načrtujejo sami. Rezultati raziskave so lahko v pomoč učiteljem razrednega pouka in načrtovalcem pedagoškega procesa za bolj kakovostno načrtovanje pouka. Leisure time is a very important part of the day for a child because they can choose what they want to do. Children should do things in their leisure time that they enjoy. For some this is sports activities, others prefer to use the time to meet with friends or be with family. It is important that we recognize the influence of leisure activities on a child's cognitive, emotional, and social development. It is especially important to be aware of the influence of leisure activities on a child's health. Through these activities children can improve their motor skills, they can acquire new skills and knowledge. Leisure activities where children are active, such as sports activities, have more positive effects on a child's growth and development and health than passive activities, such as watching television. As modern technology improves, passive recreation is becoming more common among adolescents than it was a few years ago, which can have many negative consequences. It is important for parents and teachers to be aware of this. Parents play an important role in choosing leisure activities for their children as they are the ones who can offer different activities to their children, encourage them and also model how to spend quality leisure time. Teachers can also guide their students in choosing leisure activities. In addition, they can try to incorporate as much exercise and outdoor lessons as possible in their work in order to have a positive impact on their students. In the empirical part of the master's thesis, we focused on the leisure time of fifth graders. We conducted a research with 145 students from nine different elementary schools from nine different Slovenian cities, who attended the 5th grade of an elementary school in Slovenia in the school year 2019/20. For data collection, we used a questionnaire that was sent online to the students. The questionnaire was sent to the students during the pandemic COVID -19 when they had school from home. We were interested in how students define leisure time, where and with whom they spend it, and what activities they do in their leisure time. The data obtained were processed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that students most often define their leisure time as a time to do whatever they want. Most students play sports, often talk with their parents, or watch television. The study also found that students spend more leisure time indoors than outdoors. They love to spend their leisure time with their friends, but they spend it more often with their brothers or sisters. The data showed that students mostly spend their leisure time at home. Most students have one activity during extended classes and one activity after school. They plan them all by themselves. The results of the research can be a great help for the primary school teachers as well as for the planners of the educational process for more qualitative planning of the school lessons.