Dijaki, ki »fazanirajo«: njihova stališča in zaznave šolske kulture - Šubic, Jerca (J. Šubic, 2020)
V slovenskih srednjih šolah se v zadnjih tridesetih letih v večjem obsegu pojavlja iniciacijski obred sprejema novincev v srednje šole, ki poteka ob začetku novega šolskega leta in ga imenujemo fazaniranje. Poznamo uradno fazaniranje, ki ga organizira šola, in neuradno, ki ga izvajajo dijaki sami. Glede na značilnosti in potek fazaniranja, ga lahko uvrstimo v hazing, ki ima korenine v iniciacijskih obredih. Ti rituali omogočajo prehod posameznika iz ene skupine v drugo. V magistrski nalogi smo raziskali vidik dijakov izvajalcev fazaniranja, torej dijakov 4. letnikov srednjih šol. Osredotočili smo se na neuradno fazaniranje, pri čemer smo ugotavljali razširjenost tovrstnega početja, dejavnosti, ki jih nad novinci izvajajo starejši dijaki, njihova stališča do fazaniranja in zaznave šolske kulture v zvezi z njihovo aktivnostjo pri fazaniranju. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 366 dijakov, ki so bili izenačeni glede na spol, iz 14 slovenskih srednjih šol (od tega je bilo 7 srednjih strokovnih šol in 7 gimnazij). Povprečna starost dijakov je bila 18,48 let (SD = 0,34). Za namen raziskave smo uporabili Vprašalnik fazaniranja, Vprašalnik stališč do fazaniranja, Vprašalnik šolske klime pri medvrstniškem nasilju in del vprašalnika Moralne nezavzetosti. Ugotovili smo, da se pojav fazaniranja še vedno pojavlja v slovenskem srednješolskem sistemu (v 55 % uradno fazaniranje in v 100 % neuradno) da dijaki izvajalci najpogosteje izvajajo aktivnosti, ki spadajo v nedolžno fazaniranje, vendar pa je bilo prav tako prisotno fazaniranje z elementi medvrstniškega nasilja in nasilno fazaniranje. Dijaki imajo pozitivna stališča do aktivnosti fazaniranja in menijo, da fazaniranje nima pomembnih posledic za novince. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je bilo na srednjih strokovnih šolah pomembno več aktivnosti fazaniranja kot v gimnazijah, prav tako pa je bila za strokovne šole tudi bolj značilna šolska kultura dopuščanja agresivnih stališč in razširjenosti draženja in trpinčenja. In the last thirty years, Slovene high schools have seen the rise of a particular initiation rite involving the first year students that occurs at the beginning of a new school year called »fazaniranje«. There is an official event organised by a particular school but there is also an unofficial one carried out by senior students. Due to its characteristics and the whole process, it can be classified as a form of hazing which stems from initiation rites as well. The rituals enable an individual to transit from one group to another. The dissertation presents the research done on students who carry out this Slovene version of hazing, mainly senior high school students. The author focuses on the unofficial version and to what extent it happens. Furthermore, the author describes activities that are popular, the senior students’ attitude towards these pranks and how they perceive school culture in the light of their active role when it comes to »fazaniranje«. 366 students attending 14 different Slovenian high schools, 7 vocational schools and other 7 general high schools, cooperated in the research and both sexes were equally represented. The average age was 18,48 (SD = 0,34). The author used several questionnaires, Questionnaire on »fazaniranje«, Questionnaire on attitudes, The School Climate Bullying Survey and a segment of Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale. It was established that »fazaniranje« is still very much present in Slovene high schools (55 % the official version and 100 % the unofficial one). Moreover, the senior students who carry it out most often perform activities that can be seen as innocent however, there are also many elements of bullying and peer violence. Senior students hold positive attitudes towards these activities and think that such experiences do not have any consequences for the new students. Based on the research it is clear that students attending vocational schools carry out more activities involving »fazaniranje« compared to general high schools and that they are more inclined to behave in an aggressive way, which leads to more teasing and harassment.