Značilnosti osamljenosti pri stanovalcih v domovih starejših občanov - Žibert, Jan Irenej (J. I. Žibert, 2020)
Človek je biološko in psihološko bitje, a tudi socialno, zato težko živi sam. Občutek osamljenosti je zato v starosti povezan z izgubo bližnjih oseb in redkejšimi socialnimi stiki. Z raziskavo sem želel ugotoviti, kako se prepozna osamljenost pri stanovalcih doma, kakšno je razumevanje osamljenosti stanovalcev pri socialnih delavkah, katere metode socialnega dela uporabljajo za preprečevanje in preseganje osamljenosti stanovalcev vsi sodelujoči v procesu pomoči, kako ostali zaposleni prepoznavajo osamljenost stanovalcev ter kako v danih primerih ravnajo, kako lahko stanovalci sami pripomorejo k preprečevanju in odpravljanju osamljenosti in katere so možnosti vpliva na zmanjšanje osamljenosti pri stanovalcih. Moja raziskava je kvalitativna, za samo raziskavo sem zbral podatke s pomočjo polstrukturiranega oziroma polstandardiziranega intervjuja, same intervjuje pa sem opravil s socialnimi delavci, zaposlenimi v domovih za stare. Z raziskavo sem ugotovil, da se kot glavni znak osamljenosti pri stanovalcih kaže njihov umik iz družbe. Pri tem je pojav osamljenosti v starosti nasploh najbolj povezan s pojavom zdravstvenih težav in/ali krčenjem socialne mreže pri posamezniku, kar lahko vodi do socialne in zdravstvene izolacije posameznika. Ob poslabšanju zdravstvenega stanja stanovalci namreč težje navezujejo stike z ljudmi, saj to zahteva energijo ter predstavlja napor. Poleg tega se (lahko) v starosti pojavijo nekateri dogodki, ki lahko osebo še kako zaznamujejo in ji lahko povzročajo občutke osamljenosti. Ti dogodki so na primer smrt partnerja, smrt prijateljev in drugo. Poleg naštetega lahko sam prihod v dom predstavlja veliko življenjsko prelomnico v življenju posameznikov. Ključen prvi korak ob zaznavi osamljenosti pri stanovalcih je pogovor s stanovalcem. Stanovalce se povabi k sodelovanju pri aktivnostih v domu, ključna je njihova samoiniciativnost. Eno izmed najbolj pozitivnih strani kolektivnega bivanja predstavlja druženje, ki je lahko ključno pri zmanjševanju osamljenosti pri posameznikih. Pomemben del pri zaznavi ter kasneje preprečevanju osamljenosti pri stanovalcih imajo socialni delavci, ostali zaposleni in sorodniki ter tudi prostovoljci. Slednje se sicer aktivira na željo stanovalca. Moj predlog je, da bi morali v prihodnje spremeniti in prilagoditi normativ, ki se tiče števila zaposlenih socialnih delavcev v domovih za stare. Poleg tega bi predlagal tudi več skupin za samopomoč v domovih za stare in njihovo bolj pogosto aktivnost. Kot zadnje predlagam preverjanje osamljenosti pri stanovalcih s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika enkrat mesečno. People are, apart from biological and psychological, also social beings, so they can hardly live just on their own. Loneliness in later life is connected with loss of people, that are close to them and so their social network(s) usually gets smaller. The purpose of my graduation Thesis is to examine, how loneliness is seen at older people, living in institutional care, how is understanding of loneliness among older people seen by social workers, employed in homes for older people, which methods of social work do social workers and others use in the process of help to prevent and overcome loneliness among older people, how other employes in home for older people are noticing and dealing with loneliness, which appers among older people in home for older people, what older people can do themselves to prevent to feeling lonely and which are options to choose from, when loneliness appears. My research is qualitative, for which I choose to collect data with half structured interviews. I did my interviews with social workers, employed in homes for older people in Slovenia. With my graduation thesis, I acknowledge that getting away from social interaction is the main symbol, that shows loneliness. Loneliness usually appears after health problem(s) and/or when social network(s) is getting smaller. That can lead older people to social and health isolation. When health status of older person is getting worse, older people normally find it more difficult to get into interactions with others, it also takes more energy to do that. Apart from this, older people can also lose people from their social network(s), for example, because of death(s) of their friends, or partner. The main step towards overcoming loneliness among older people by employes, specially social workers, is to talk with them. Older people are welcomed into institutional activities, but there is really important their selfiniciative, will to participate in those activities. The main advance of living in institutional care is plenty of chances for socialising inside institution with other older people, which can be crucial at lowering loneliness. Important part at recognizing loneliness is led by social workers, other employes, relatives, and also volunteers. But it is important to adress, that volunteers are only included in case older people want them to be added. My suggestion is to raise norms for the number of employed social workers in homes for older people. I would also like to suggest more self-help groups, which would be organized more frequently. At last, I suggest to carry out a survey about loneliness among older people in homes for older people once a month.