Vzgojiteljevo preventivno delovanje pri razvoju otrokove osebnosti

• Main Author: Perko, Anita
• Other Authors: Krek, Janez
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: 2020
• Subjects: psihoanaliza; psychoanalysis; sami
• Online Access: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=113220; https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=125270&dn=; https://plus.si.cobiss.net/opac7/bib/ 12741961?lang=sl

V diplomskem delu sem raziskala možnosti, kako preventivno delujemo na otrokov osebnostni razvoj, še posebno na področju predšolske vzgoje (v vrtcu). Za lažje razumevanje psihičnih bolezni in obolenj, kot so nevroze in psihoze, sem v prvem delu na kratko predstavila teoretično ozadje libidinalnih tipov osebnosti po Sigmundu Freudu in klinične strukture duševnega delovanja po Jacquesu Lacanu. Na podlagi tega sem postavila raziskovalno vprašanje, do kakšnih nezaželenih pojavov lahko pride v psihičnem razvoju otrok in kakšne so možne posledice neprimerne vzgoje otrok v njihovem odraslem življenju. V nekaj primerih sem takšne (ekstremne) posledice tudi opisala. V drugem delu sem na osnovi študija izbrane literature zasnovala in opisala preventivno delovanje pri otrokovem osebnostnem razvoju, ki lahko preprečuje najhujša obolenja nevroz in psihoz. Osredotočila sem se na vzgojitelje in strokovne delavce v vrtcu ter na to, kakšne so njihove možnosti preventivnega delovanja pri otroku, kako lahko prepoznajo, kdaj gre pri otroku za razvoj v nezaželeno smer in kako preusmeriti takšen razvoj v smer zaželenega vedenja. Tako kot ni popolne vzgoje, tudi ni popolnega načina, kako preprečiti najhujše oblike nevroz in psihoz, s preventivo pa lahko veliko pripomoremo k bolj zaželenemu razvoju otrokove osebnosti in mu pomagamo do kakovostnejšega življenja tako v obdobju otroštva kot v odraslem obdobju. Vzgojitelji z otrokom preživimo veliko časa in pomembno je, da tudi sami poznamo načine, kako preventivno delovati. S tem ne odpravimo le težav, s katerimi se sooča otrok, temveč tudi sebi kot vzgojitelju in otrokovi družini oziroma bližnjim izboljšamo bivanje z otrokom. In my diploma thesis I researched the possibilities of how we can have preventive influence on a child’s personal development, especially in the field of preschool education (in kindergarten). In order to facilitate understanding of psychiatric illnesses and diseases such as neuroses and psychoses, in the first part I briefly present the theoretical background of libidinal types of personality according to Sigmund Freud and clinical structures of mental functioning according to Jacques Lacan. On this basis, I ask a research question: What are the undesired phenomena that may occur in the psychological development of children and what are the possible consequences of inappropriate upbringing and development of the child in the adult life? In some cases, I have also described such (extreme) consequences. In the second part, based on the study of selected literature, I designed and described preventive actions in a child’s personal development, which can prevent the most serious diseases of neuroses and psychoses. I focused on preschool teachers and kindergarten education staff and what their options are for preventive action with a child, how they can recognize when a child is developing in an undesirable direction and how to re-direct such development into a direction of desirable behavior. Just as there is no perfect upbringing, there is no perfect way to prevent the worst forms of neuroses and psychoses, but prevention can greatly contribute to more desirable development of a child’s personality and help them to live a life of better quality in childhood as well as adulthood. Preschool teachers spend a lot of time with children, and it is important that we also know how to act preventively, thus eliminating not only the problems the child is facing, but also improving our stay with children as preschool teachers and their stay with their families or loved ones.