Zaprti geotermalni toplotni sistemi - Hotko, Anže (2019)
Ob današnjih izzivih na področju pridobivanja in izkoriščanja energije je geotermalna energija nepogrešljiv dejavnik, ki lahko v veliki meri pripomore k temu, da ogrevamo in hladimo bolj racionalno ter učinkovito. Da lahko to energijo primerno izkoristimo, potrebujemo kombinacijo kolektorskih cevi, povezanih s toplotno črpalko. Če govorimo o zaprtih geotermalnih toplotnih sistemih, uporabljamo zaprto zanko cevi. Cevi lahko položimo horizontalno do 2 m pod površino, vertikalno v vrtino do globin okoli 150 m ali pa cevi vgradimo v temelje zgradb. Največkrat izkoriščamo zemeljski vir toplote, obstajajo pa tudi izvedbe sistemov, ki izkoriščajo površinske vode in se potopijo na dno jezera ali reke. Če se odločamo, kateri sistem izbrati, moramo upoštevati površino zemlje, ki nam je na voljo, saj moramo imeti dovolj prostora za izkop jarka za horizontalne kolektorje oz. primeren dostop ob vrtanju vrtine za vstavitev geosonde. Da lahko ocenimo, koliko toplote lahko pridobimo s kolektorjem, moramo poznati tudi natančno sestavo tal oz. zemlje. Redkeje se uporabljajo tudi kolektorji, ki imajo cevi navite v obliki spirale to so lahko spiralni kolektorji ali pa energetske košare. Pri sami vgradnji kateregakoli kolektorja je najpomembnejše natančno sledenje smernicam glede inštalacije sistema, saj lahko le na ta način zagotovimo dolgoletno trajnost sistema in obenem ne obremenjujemo okolja z negativnimi posegi. Given today's challenges in energy production and use, geothermal energy is an indispensable factor that can greatly help to heat and cool buildings more rationally and efficiently. To use this energy appropriately, a combination of collector tubes connected to a heat pump is needed. In the case of closed loop geothermal systems, the closed loop of pipes can be installed horizontally 2 m beneath the surface, vertically into a borehole to depths of around 150 m or vertically into the very foundations of buildings. Most of the time, ground is used as a heat source, but there are also systems for the exploitation of surface water (pond and lake loops) that are sunk to the bottom of the lake. When deciding which system to choose, we have to take into account the ground surface available to us, since we need enough space to excavate trenches for horizontal collectors, we also need proper access when drilling a borehole for a vertical collector. In order to estimate how much heat can be obtained by a specific collector, we also need to know the exact composition of the soil. Systems that have tubes shaped in the form of a spiral are less commonly used, such are spiral collectors and heat baskets. When installing any system, it is essential that we follow the instalation guidelines carefully, for this is the only way to ensure long-term durability of the system, while not damaging the environment with negative interventions.