Izdelava UV-vidnega spektroskopa in njegova uporaba v izobraževanju

• Main Author: Grobljar, Urh
• Other Authors: Bavdek, Gregor
• Format: Master Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: svetloba; light; Ure; sami
• Online Access: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=108393; https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=119353&dn=; https://plus.si.cobiss.net/opac7/bib/12486985 ?lang=sl

V magistrskem delu sem opisal in predstavil preprost UV-vidni spektrometer, ki ga lahko izdelamo sami. S spektrometrom želim približati ultravijolično svetlobo tako učiteljem kot učencem. V teoretičnem delu opišem nekaj osnov o svetlobi, nato pa predstavim vsa ključna področja eksperimenta. Naštejem najbolj znane vire in detektorje ultravijolične svetlobe, ter opišem dva možna načina za razklon svetlobe, ki sta uklon, predstavljen z uklonsko enačbo, in disperzija povezana z lomnim zakonom. Na kratko predstavim področje spektroskopije in spektrometrije, kjer se navežem na interakcijo elektromagnetnega valovanja s snovjo. V povezavi z interakcijo predstavim še pojem fotona. Nato definiram absorpcijo gostote energijskega toka v snovi in s tem povezana različna energijska vzbujena stanja – elektronska, vibracijska in rotacijska. Eno od poglavij namenim fizikalnemu pojavu luminiscence oziroma predstavitvi dveh področji iz fotoluminiscence, in sicer fosforescence in fluorescence. Slednja je ključna za opazovanje ultravijolične svetlobe s prostim očesom pri našem eksperimentu. V eksperimentalnem delu magistrske naloge se osredotočim na digitalen zajem spektra svetlobe, ki jo oddaja ultravijolično svetilo. Z njim sem meril atenuacije različnih materialov iz naše okolice in učinkovitost zaščitnih sončnih krem. Vsak spekter, prepuščen skozi različne merjence, sem zajel s fotoaparatom in ga računalniško obdelal tako, da so meritve med seboj primerljive. V zaključku predstavim še pripravo učne ure za delavnico, kjer podam predlog, kako bi lahko učencem in dijakom približali in predstavili to fizikalno področje. This master thesis describes and presents a simple UV-visible spectrometer that we can make ourselves. With the spectrometer, I would like to bring ultraviolet light closer to both teachers and students. The theoretical part of the thesis includes a description of the basics of light and presentation of all the key areas of the experiment. In this part, the most known sources of ultraviolet light are listed, as well as a description of the two possible ways of splitting the light. Those are refraction, presented with deflection equation, and dispersion connected to Snell's law. The fields of spectroscopy in spectrometry are briefly presented, in connection with the interaction of electromagnetic waves with a substance. In addition to the interaction, the term photon is presented as well. The absorption of the density of the energy current is defined and with it various energy excited states - electronic, vibration and rotation state. One of the chapters is focused on the physical phenomenon of luminescence and the presentation and the two areas of photoluminescence, namely phosphorescence in fluorescence. The latter is crucial for observing ultraviolet light with the naked eye in the aforementioned experiment. In the experimental part of the master thesis, the focus is on the digital capture of the light spectrum emitted by the ultraviolet light. With its help, attenuations of different materials from our surroundings are measured as well as the effectiveness of protective sunscreens. Each spectrum that passes through various measuring instruments is captured with a camera and computerized so that the measurements are comparable. In the conclusion, a lesson plan for a workshop is presented as well as a proposal for a way to present this physical field to students and make them interested in it.