Uporaba zemlje v slikarstvu

• Main Author: Volk, Andrea
• Other Authors: Jerčič Jakob, Anja
• Format: Master Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: slikanje; painting; sami
• Online Access: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=106544; https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=117345&dn=; https://plus.si.cobiss.net/opac7/bib/12330825 ?lang=sl

Uporaba zemlje v slikarstvu je danes zelo razširjena. Vsi se vedno bolj zavedamo, kaj vse nam ponuja in omogoča narava. Tako nam tudi zemlja kot slikarski material, dostopen po vsem svetu, ponuja nešteto možnosti uporabe. Prvi del pričujoče magistrske naloge bom tako posvetila teoretičnemu pregledu zgodovine slikanja z zemljo, zemeljskim, mineralnim pigmentom, slikarski tehnologiji in umetnikom, ki so zemljo uporabljali kot izrazni slikarski material. V tem okviru bom med drugim odgovorila tudi na vprašanje: »Zakaj ravno zemlja kot slikarski material?« Teoretični del obravnave slikarske tehnologije vklučuje predstavitev mojih pogledov ter lastne prakse, ki sega od priprave materialov za slikanje, eksperimentiranja z različnimi tipi zemelje in vezivi pa do lastne izkušnje slikanja z zemljo. Osredotočila se bom na pet slikarskih tehnik, jih teoretično opredelila ter opisala lastne izkušnje in opažanja pri njihovi izdelavi. Omenila bom umetnike, ki zemljo uporabljajo vsak na svoj, drugačen način. Ob pregledu literature nisem pridobila informacij, ali avtorji čistijo zemljo ter iz nje pridobivajo zemeljske pigmente in kako pridobivajo veziva, ali jih kupijo ali jih izdelajo sami. Tako odgovor na vprašanje, katera veziva uporabljajo, ostaja skrivnost. Zatem sledi pedagoško-empirični del, ki je sestavljen iz dveh delov, ki se povezujeta le posredno, vsebinsko. Prvi del obsega izvedbo delavnice z naslovom Slikanje z zemljo, opis lastne izkušnje ob izvedeni delavnici ter evalvacijo udeležencev. Udeležencem delavnice se je tema delavnice zdela zanimiva in jim je predstavljala nov izziv. S slikanjem z zemljo so se srečali prvič, prav tako z izdelavo voščenk. Sledi drugi del, ki obsega raziskavo pogostosti uporabe naravnih materialov v osnovni šoli. S pomočjo ankete sem pri učiteljih razrednega pouka in likovne umetnosti preverila, kako pogosto se odločajo za uporabo naravnih materialov ter katere uporabljajo in v kakšnem kontekstu (likovno področje, likovni pojmi). Raziskala sem tudi razloge za neuporabo naravnih materialov pri izvajanju likovne naloge s področja slikarstva in njihovo mnenje o pozitivnih in negativnih straneh uporabe naravnih materialov pri likovnem ustvarjanju. Rezultati so me presenetili, saj je raziskava pokazala, da učitelji raje uporabljajo naravne kot sintetične materiale. Anketiranci, ki imajo raje sintetične materiale, trdijo, da je razlog za to njihova lažja dostopnost. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da učenci pri likovnem izražanju pogosto uporabljajo naravne materiale. V tem delu predstavljam in analiziram odgovore anketirancev temu pa sledi strokovna utemeljitev ugotovitev. Nowadays, the use of soil in painting is very common. Society is starting to realize what nature provides us. Soil is offering numerous shades of color and natural painting material which is available all over the world. The first part of this master thesis, I dedicate to the theory of pigments, history of painting with soil, soil and mineral pigments, painting technology as well as answering the question: “Why soil as a painting material?” The theoretical part of painting technology is combined with my personal practise from the preparation of the material and experimenting with different types of soil and binders to my personal experience of painting with soil. I focus on five different painting techniques which I describe theoretically and present my personal experience and observations regarding their production. I also present some artists who were using soil as material to express themselves in paintings. Every single artist is using soil in his/her special, different way. In the process of literature review I didn't receive any information whether contemporary painters are using raw soil, whether they are cleaning the soil and producing soil pigments by themselves, and whether they are purchasing the binders or producing them by themselves. Likewise the question which binders are applied remains a professional secret. The last, pedagogical-empirical chapter has two parts, that are not directly connected but their content is similar. In the first part I am presenting my experience regarding the leading of a workshop “Painting with soil” and I am reviewing the evaluation of the participants. In accordance with the opinion of the participants the workshop was very interesting and challenging. It was their first time that they were painting with soil and also making crayons from scratch. The second deals with the use of natural materials in primary schools. With interviewing the 1st–5th grade teachers as well as the teachers of Art in the primary school, I determine how frequently natural materials are used in our primary schools. I also investigate which materials are used, and in which context (types of art, art notions). My research also questions why teachers in the execution of art assignment in painting are not using more natural materials and which are the positive or negative sides of using natural materials in creating the art work. Finally, I was astonished by the results of my research which revealed that teachers prefer using synthetic materials over the natural ones in creating art works. The respondents who preferred synthetic materials overall stated it’s because of the fact that it is much easier to obtain them. Natural materials are often used by pupils in creating art works. In this part, the answers are analyzed and the statements validated.