OKOLJSKE ZAVEZE, POSLEDICE IN PRIHODNOST PARIŠKEGA PODNEBNEGA SPORAZUMA

• Main Author: HAFNER, MATEJA
• Other Authors: Kuhelj, Alenka
• Format: Bachelor Thesis
• Language: Slovenian
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: Pariški podnebni sporazum; podnebne spremembe; toplogredni plini; Paris climate agreement; climate changes; greenhouse gases; Arctic; Climate change; Global warming
• Online Access: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=106469; https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=117246&dn=

Globalno segrevanje in podnebne spremembe so dejstvo, ki se mu ni mogoče izogniti, in odpirajo spekter političnoekonomskih vprašanj ter zadevajo civilno družbo, svetovno gospodarstvo, tehnologije in okolje. Emisije toplogrednih plinov v ozračju so v preteklih letih dosegle najvišje vrednosti, svetovna povprečna temperatura pa se je v letu 2017 približala 1,1 stopinje Celzija nad predindustrijsko ravnjo. Glavni vzrok izpustov emisij toplogrednih plinov je pridobivanje energije iz fosilnih goriv, na kateri je slonel dolgoleten gospodarski razvoj. Podnebne spremembe se kažejo v obliki taljenja arktičnega ledu, dviga morske gladine, izrednih vremenskih pojavih, zemeljski eroziji, onesnaženem ozračju, izgubi rastlinskih in živalskih vrst ter ekosistemov. Posledično sta sprejetje in izvajanje zavez globalnega podnebnega sporazuma za obstoj civilizacije nujni. V boju proti podnebnim spremembam je potrebno usklajeno delovanje vseh deležnikov, česar se še posebej dobro zaveda Evropska unija, ki je prevzela vodilno vlogo na področju boja s podnebnimi spremembami in uresničevanju zavez Pariškega podnebnega sporazuma, katerega glavni cilj je omejitev globalnega segrevanja za bistveno manj od 2 stopinj Celzija glede na predindustrijsko raven. Evropska unija je dokaz, da so ukrepi proti podnebnim spremembam učinkoviti, saj je v obdobju od 1990 do 2014 emisije toplogrednih plinov zmanjšala za 23 %, na drugi strani pa se je bruto domači proizvod okrepil za 46 %. V okviru podnebne politike je Evropska unija oblikovala tri skupine ciljev: cilji do leta 2020, cilji do leta 2030 ter dolgoročni cilji do leta 2050 s prehodom na nizkoogljično družbo, in to navkljub nameri ZDA, da te odstopijo od globalnega podnebnega sporazuma. Global warming and climate change are facts which cannot be ignored and that open up a wide array of economic and political issues and concern the civil society, the global economy, technology and the environment. Greenhouse gas emissions have reached highest values in recent years, while the global average temperature in 2017 approached 1.1 Degrees Celsius higher temperature than in the pre-industrial age. The main cause of greenhouse gas emissions is energy generation from fossil fuels, the corner stone of the long-standing economic development. Climate change is tangible in the Arctic meltdown, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, earth erosion, polluted atmosphere, loss of plant and animal species, as well as loss of ecosystems. In essence, the acceptance and implementation of the commitments of the Global Climate Agreement is of crucial importance for the survival of civilization. In the fight against climate change, it is essential to coordinate the work of all stakeholders, of which the European Union is particularly well aware. The European Union has taken the lead in the fight against climate change and the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement, the main aim of which is to limit global warming significantly below 2 degrees Celsius according to the pre-industrial level. The European Union is proof that measures against climate change are effective, as emissions of greenhouse gases had decreased by 23% between 1990 and 2014, while on the other hand, gross domestic product had increased by 46%. In the context of climate policy, the European Union has established three sets of objectives: objectives by 2020, objectives by 2030, and long-term objectives by 2050 by transitioning to a low-carbon society, despite the intention of the USA to withdraw from the global climate agreement.