Pojmovanje konfliktov med ljudmi in rjavim medvedom na območju njegove razširjenosti - Pretnar, Tadeja (2018)
Rjavi medved (Ursus arctos) je razširjen tudi na območju človekove aktivnosti, zato so interakcije med ljudmi in medvedi neizogibne. Za ohranjanje uspešnega in trajnostnega sobivanja z medvedom je pomembno, da je stopnja konfliktov čim nižja. Da bi to dosegli, je pomembno spremljati stališča različnih deležnikov, ki živijo in/ali delajo na območju medvedove razširjenosti. Pomembno je tudi analizirati pridobljene podatke in glede na ugotovitve načrtovati nadaljnje aktivnosti. Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kaj za ljudi predstavlja konflikt z medvedom in kako se razlikuje glede na lokacijo bivanja. V raziskavo smo vključili 1209 vprašalnikov. Na podlagi rezultatov izvedenih fokusnih skupin smo identificirali možne konfliktne situacije, ki so služile za pripravo anketnega vprašalnika. Anketiranci so ocenili, kako problematična ali kako všeč jim je določena situacija na 5-stopenjski lestvici. S faktorsko analizo smo dobili dve komponenti, ki smo ju poimenovali »sprejemanje« in »škode« ter smo ju nato uporabili za analizo pojmovanja konflikta. Komponenti smo analizirali glede na dejavnike: območje (Alpe, Dinaridi), sociodemografski podatki (starost, spol, izobrazba), pripadnost deležniški skupini (lovci, čebelarji, rejci, ostali), osebne izkušnje z medvedi in znanje o medvedu. Ne glede na omenjene dejavnike so anketiranci v povprečju pri komponenti »sprejemanje« odgovorili pozitivno, kar pomeni, da večini anketirancev situacije, kot je npr. medvedovo nahajanje v bližnjih gozdovih, niso problematične. Nasprotno so anketiranci komponento »škode«, ne glede na dejavnike, v povprečju ocenili kot negativno, še posebej tisti iz območja Dinaridov, kjer je gostota medvedov višja. Za trajnostno sobivanje ljudi z rjavim medvedom tako predlagamo izvajanje preventivnih ukrepov za zniževanje škodnih primerov – večanje ozaveščenosti o preventivnih ukrepih je ena izmed njih. The brown bear's (Ursus arctos) habitat overlaps with the area of human activity, therefore interactions on different levels are inevitable. To maintain successful and sustainable coexistence of humans and the bear low level of conflicts should be kept. In order to achieve that it is essential to monitor different stakeholders’ opinions since they live and work in the same area. Furthermore, it is crucial to analyse collected data and to plan further actions according to conclusions. The aim of the study has been determination of a meaning of the conflict between the humans and the bear and if location has any influence on it. In total 1209 questionnaires have been included in the study. A spectrum of human-bear conflict situations identified through focus group discussions was shaped into a questionnaire and respondents assessed how problematic or likeable was the situation for them personally on a 5-point scale. Factor analysis identified two components which were interpreted as “perceived threat” and “economic damages” and later on used to determine a conflict. Components have been analysed against following independent factors: study area (Dinarics, Alps), sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education), belonging to a stakeholder group (hunter, beekeeper, farmer), personal experiences with the bears, and knowledge about the bears. Regardless of mentioned factors, respondents scored positively on “perceived threat” component, meaning that majority actually appreciates “perceived threat” situations such as “seeing bear tracks in nearby forest”. On the other hand, “economic damages” has been assessed as problematic by all groups, especially those in Dinaric Mts. - study area with high density of bears. Therefore, for sustainable coexistence actions that tackle the issue of preventing damages caused by the brown bear are proposed, starting with raising awareness of damage prevention.