The biogeochemistry of zinc and cadmium in the Amundsen Sea, coastal Antarctica

• Published in: Marine Chemistry
• Main Authors: Tian, Hung An, van Manen, Mathijs, Wille, Flora, Jung, Jinyoung, Lee, Sang Hoon, Kim, Tae Wan, Aoki, Shigeru, Eich, Charlotte, Brussaard, Corina P.D., Reichart, Gert Jan, Conway, Tim M., Middag, Rob
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: Amundsen Sea Polynya; Biogeochemistry; GEOTRACES; Trace metals; Amundsen Sea; Antarc*; Antarctica; Ice Shelf; Ice Shelves; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/11370/c0350fa8-1721-4120-afd8-c9618b8a01ea; https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/c0350fa8-1721-4120-afd8-c9618b8a01ea; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2023.104223; https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/612150670/1_s2.0_S0304420323000191_main.pdf; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85147698189&partnerID=8YFLogxK

The trace metals zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) are both involved in the metabolic processes of marine phytoplankton, and as such, both metals play important roles in ocean biogeochemical cycles. In Antarctica, the Amundsen Sea (AS) experiences rapid ice shelf melting, and the Amundsen Sea polynya (ASP) hosts seasonal phytoplankton blooms in austral summer, with important implications for atmospheric carbon dioxide drawdown. However, the effects of ice melting and phytoplankton blooms on the biogeochemistry and distributions of Zn and Cd in the ASP remain poorly studied. Here, we present the first combined dataset of dissolved and particulate Zn and Cd in the AS (including the inflow and outflow to and from the Dotson and Getz ice shelves) collected as part of the GEOTRACES process study GPpr12. We use this dataset to assess the sources of both elements to the AS region and characterize the particle composition in the ASP. We find that the main source of both dissolved Zn and Cd in the AS is Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), with an additional small flux of both metals from shelf sediments. By contrast, aerosol deposition, ice shelf melt, and sea ice melt are all deemed insignificant sources for either Zn or Cd in the AS. Labile particulate Zn and Cd dominate the total particulate pool in the surface layer, indicating that biological uptake is a predominant process for the cycling of both metals in the ASP, whereas sediment resuspension and ice shelf melt do not supply a significant amount of either particulate Zn or Cd. Additionally, we use two commonly used approaches to estimate biogenic and lithogenic particulate concentrations. We find high biogenic particulate concentrations at the surface, decreasing with depth, indicating remineralization plays an important role in the cycling of particulate metals. In contrast, lithogenic particulate metal concentrations remain low throughout the water column. We also show that the estimated uptake ratios of Zn and Cd relative to phosphate in the surface layer are lower than ...