Impact of multiple ecological stressors on a sub-Arctic ecosystem:No interaction between extreme winter warming events, nitrogen addition and grazing
Climate change is one of many ongoing human-induced environmental changes, but few studies consider interactive effects between multiple anthropogenic disturbances. In coastal sub-arctic heathland, we quantified the impact of a factorial design simulating extreme winter warming (WW) events (7 days a...
Published in: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2018
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11370/b7ca4317-6bed-46cd-a338-c29678f8aa53 https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/b7ca4317-6bed-46cd-a338-c29678f8aa53 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01787 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/76693047/fpls_09_01787.pdf |
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ftunigroningenpu:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/b7ca4317-6bed-46cd-a338-c29678f8aa53 2024-06-02T07:59:50+00:00 Impact of multiple ecological stressors on a sub-Arctic ecosystem:No interaction between extreme winter warming events, nitrogen addition and grazing Bokhorst, Stef Berg, Matty P. Edvinsen, Guro K. Ellers, Jacintha Heitman, Amber Jaakola, Laura Maehre, Hanne K. Phoenix, Gareth K. Tommervik, Hans Bjerke, Jarle W. 2018-11-30 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11370/b7ca4317-6bed-46cd-a338-c29678f8aa53 https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/b7ca4317-6bed-46cd-a338-c29678f8aa53 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01787 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/76693047/fpls_09_01787.pdf eng eng https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/b7ca4317-6bed-46cd-a338-c29678f8aa53 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Bokhorst , S , Berg , M P , Edvinsen , G K , Ellers , J , Heitman , A , Jaakola , L , Maehre , H K , Phoenix , G K , Tommervik , H & Bjerke , J W 2018 , ' Impact of multiple ecological stressors on a sub-Arctic ecosystem : No interaction between extreme winter warming events, nitrogen addition and grazing ' , Frontiers in Plant Science , vol. 9 , 1787 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01787 cryptogam CO2 fluxes fatty acids frost geometrid moth herbivory multiple stress snow FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION MOUNTAIN BIRCH ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN CLIMATE-CHANGE PLANT DEPOSITION RESPONSES FOREST SENSITIVITY TOLERANCE article 2018 ftunigroningenpu https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01787 2024-05-07T20:32:07Z Climate change is one of many ongoing human-induced environmental changes, but few studies consider interactive effects between multiple anthropogenic disturbances. In coastal sub-arctic heathland, we quantified the impact of a factorial design simulating extreme winter warming (WW) events (7 days at 6-7 degrees C) combined with episodic summer nitrogen (+N) depositions (5 kg N ha(-1)) on plant winter physiology, plant community composition and ecosystem CO2 fluxes of an Empetrum nigrum dominated heathland during 3 consecutive years in northern Norway. We expected that the +N would exacerbate any stress effects caused by the WW treatment. During WW events, ecosystem respiration doubled, leaf respiration declined (-58%), efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) increased (between 26 and 88%), while cell membrane fatty acids showed strong compositional changes as a result of the warming and freezing. In particular, longer fatty acid chains increased as a result of WW events, and eicosadienoic acid (C20:2) was lower when plants were exposed to the combination of WW and +N. A larval outbreak of geometrid moths (Epirrita autumnata and Operophtera brumata) following the first WW led to a near-complete leaf defoliation of the dominant dwarf shrubs E. nigrum (-87%) and Vaccinium myrtillus (-81%) across all experimental plots. Leaf emergence timing, plant biomass or composition, NDVI and growing season ecosystem CO2 fluxes were unresponsive to the WW and +N treatments. The limited plant community response reflected the relative mild winter freezing temperatures (-6.6 degrees C to -11.8 degrees C) recorded after the WW events, and that the grazing pressure probably overshadowed any potential treatment effects. The grazing pressure and WW both induce damage to the evergreen shrubs and their combination should therefore be even stronger. In addition, +N could have exacerbated the impact of both extreme events, but the ecosystem responses did not support this. Therefore, our results indicate that these sub-arctic ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Climate change Empetrum nigrum Northern Norway University of Groningen research database Arctic Norway Frontiers in Plant Science 9 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Groningen research database |
op_collection_id |
ftunigroningenpu |
language |
English |
topic |
cryptogam CO2 fluxes fatty acids frost geometrid moth herbivory multiple stress snow FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION MOUNTAIN BIRCH ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN CLIMATE-CHANGE PLANT DEPOSITION RESPONSES FOREST SENSITIVITY TOLERANCE |
spellingShingle |
cryptogam CO2 fluxes fatty acids frost geometrid moth herbivory multiple stress snow FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION MOUNTAIN BIRCH ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN CLIMATE-CHANGE PLANT DEPOSITION RESPONSES FOREST SENSITIVITY TOLERANCE Bokhorst, Stef Berg, Matty P. Edvinsen, Guro K. Ellers, Jacintha Heitman, Amber Jaakola, Laura Maehre, Hanne K. Phoenix, Gareth K. Tommervik, Hans Bjerke, Jarle W. Impact of multiple ecological stressors on a sub-Arctic ecosystem:No interaction between extreme winter warming events, nitrogen addition and grazing |
topic_facet |
cryptogam CO2 fluxes fatty acids frost geometrid moth herbivory multiple stress snow FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION MOUNTAIN BIRCH ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN CLIMATE-CHANGE PLANT DEPOSITION RESPONSES FOREST SENSITIVITY TOLERANCE |
description |
Climate change is one of many ongoing human-induced environmental changes, but few studies consider interactive effects between multiple anthropogenic disturbances. In coastal sub-arctic heathland, we quantified the impact of a factorial design simulating extreme winter warming (WW) events (7 days at 6-7 degrees C) combined with episodic summer nitrogen (+N) depositions (5 kg N ha(-1)) on plant winter physiology, plant community composition and ecosystem CO2 fluxes of an Empetrum nigrum dominated heathland during 3 consecutive years in northern Norway. We expected that the +N would exacerbate any stress effects caused by the WW treatment. During WW events, ecosystem respiration doubled, leaf respiration declined (-58%), efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) increased (between 26 and 88%), while cell membrane fatty acids showed strong compositional changes as a result of the warming and freezing. In particular, longer fatty acid chains increased as a result of WW events, and eicosadienoic acid (C20:2) was lower when plants were exposed to the combination of WW and +N. A larval outbreak of geometrid moths (Epirrita autumnata and Operophtera brumata) following the first WW led to a near-complete leaf defoliation of the dominant dwarf shrubs E. nigrum (-87%) and Vaccinium myrtillus (-81%) across all experimental plots. Leaf emergence timing, plant biomass or composition, NDVI and growing season ecosystem CO2 fluxes were unresponsive to the WW and +N treatments. The limited plant community response reflected the relative mild winter freezing temperatures (-6.6 degrees C to -11.8 degrees C) recorded after the WW events, and that the grazing pressure probably overshadowed any potential treatment effects. The grazing pressure and WW both induce damage to the evergreen shrubs and their combination should therefore be even stronger. In addition, +N could have exacerbated the impact of both extreme events, but the ecosystem responses did not support this. Therefore, our results indicate that these sub-arctic ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bokhorst, Stef Berg, Matty P. Edvinsen, Guro K. Ellers, Jacintha Heitman, Amber Jaakola, Laura Maehre, Hanne K. Phoenix, Gareth K. Tommervik, Hans Bjerke, Jarle W. |
author_facet |
Bokhorst, Stef Berg, Matty P. Edvinsen, Guro K. Ellers, Jacintha Heitman, Amber Jaakola, Laura Maehre, Hanne K. Phoenix, Gareth K. Tommervik, Hans Bjerke, Jarle W. |
author_sort |
Bokhorst, Stef |
title |
Impact of multiple ecological stressors on a sub-Arctic ecosystem:No interaction between extreme winter warming events, nitrogen addition and grazing |
title_short |
Impact of multiple ecological stressors on a sub-Arctic ecosystem:No interaction between extreme winter warming events, nitrogen addition and grazing |
title_full |
Impact of multiple ecological stressors on a sub-Arctic ecosystem:No interaction between extreme winter warming events, nitrogen addition and grazing |
title_fullStr |
Impact of multiple ecological stressors on a sub-Arctic ecosystem:No interaction between extreme winter warming events, nitrogen addition and grazing |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of multiple ecological stressors on a sub-Arctic ecosystem:No interaction between extreme winter warming events, nitrogen addition and grazing |
title_sort |
impact of multiple ecological stressors on a sub-arctic ecosystem:no interaction between extreme winter warming events, nitrogen addition and grazing |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11370/b7ca4317-6bed-46cd-a338-c29678f8aa53 https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/b7ca4317-6bed-46cd-a338-c29678f8aa53 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01787 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/76693047/fpls_09_01787.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Norway |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Norway |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Climate change Empetrum nigrum Northern Norway |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Climate change Empetrum nigrum Northern Norway |
op_source |
Bokhorst , S , Berg , M P , Edvinsen , G K , Ellers , J , Heitman , A , Jaakola , L , Maehre , H K , Phoenix , G K , Tommervik , H & Bjerke , J W 2018 , ' Impact of multiple ecological stressors on a sub-Arctic ecosystem : No interaction between extreme winter warming events, nitrogen addition and grazing ' , Frontiers in Plant Science , vol. 9 , 1787 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01787 |
op_relation |
https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/b7ca4317-6bed-46cd-a338-c29678f8aa53 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01787 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
container_volume |
9 |
_version_ |
1800743909723209728 |