Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer
Mid-winter total inorganic carbon (TCO2) and oxygen measurements are presented for the central fully ice-covered Weddell Sea. Lateral variations of these properties in the surface layer of the central Weddell Sea were small but significant. These variations were caused by vertical transport of Warm...
Published in: | Marine Chemistry |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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1995
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11370/ad37c501-1ed0-4d65-9496-c6dbdcb301dd https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/ad37c501-1ed0-4d65-9496-c6dbdcb301dd https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00065-8 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/3281687/1995MarChemHoppema.pdf |
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ftunigroningenpu:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/ad37c501-1ed0-4d65-9496-c6dbdcb301dd 2024-02-04T10:05:10+01:00 Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer Hoppema, Mario Fahrbach, Eberhard Schröder, Michael Wisotzki, Andreas Baar, Hein J.W. de 1995 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11370/ad37c501-1ed0-4d65-9496-c6dbdcb301dd https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/ad37c501-1ed0-4d65-9496-c6dbdcb301dd https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00065-8 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/3281687/1995MarChemHoppema.pdf eng eng https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/ad37c501-1ed0-4d65-9496-c6dbdcb301dd info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Hoppema , M , Fahrbach , E , Schröder , M , Wisotzki , A & Baar , H J W D 1995 , ' Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer ' , Marine Chemistry , vol. 51 , no. 3 , pp. 177-192 . https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00065-8 article 1995 ftunigroningenpu https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00065-8 2024-01-10T23:28:14Z Mid-winter total inorganic carbon (TCO2) and oxygen measurements are presented for the central fully ice-covered Weddell Sea. Lateral variations of these properties in the surface layer of the central Weddell Sea were small but significant. These variations were caused by vertical transport of Warm Deep Water into the surface layer and air-sea exchange before the ice cover. Oxygen saturation in the surface layer of the central Weddell Sea was near 82%, whereas in the eastern shelf area this was 89%. Surprisingly, pCO2, as calculated under the assumption of (reported) conservativeness of alkalinity, was also found to be below saturation (86-93%). This was not expected since ongoing Warm Deep Water entrainment into the surface layer tends to increase the pCO2. Rapid cooling and subsequent ice formation during the previous autumn, however, might have brought about a sufficiently low undersaturation of CO2, that as to the point of sampling had not yet been replenished through Warm Deep Water entrainment. In the ensuing early summer the measurements were repeated. In the shelf area and the central Weddell Sea, where the ice-cover had almost disappeared, photosynthesis had caused a decrease of pCO2 and an increase of oxygen compared to the previous winter. In between these two regions there was an area with significant ice-cover where essentially winter conditions prevailed. Based on the summer-winter difference a (late-winter) entrainment rate of Warm Deep Water into the surface layer of 4-5 m/month was calculated. A complete surface water balance, including entrainment, biological activity and air-sea exchange, showed that between the winter and summer cruises CO2 and oxygen had both been absorbed from the atmosphere. The TCO2 increase due to entrainment of Warm Deep Water was partly countered by (autumn) cooling, and partly through biological drawdown. Part of the CO2 removed through biological activity sinks down the water column as organic material and is remineralised at depth. It is well-known that bottom water ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Weddell Sea University of Groningen research database Weddell Weddell Sea Marine Chemistry 51 3 177 192 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Groningen research database |
op_collection_id |
ftunigroningenpu |
language |
English |
description |
Mid-winter total inorganic carbon (TCO2) and oxygen measurements are presented for the central fully ice-covered Weddell Sea. Lateral variations of these properties in the surface layer of the central Weddell Sea were small but significant. These variations were caused by vertical transport of Warm Deep Water into the surface layer and air-sea exchange before the ice cover. Oxygen saturation in the surface layer of the central Weddell Sea was near 82%, whereas in the eastern shelf area this was 89%. Surprisingly, pCO2, as calculated under the assumption of (reported) conservativeness of alkalinity, was also found to be below saturation (86-93%). This was not expected since ongoing Warm Deep Water entrainment into the surface layer tends to increase the pCO2. Rapid cooling and subsequent ice formation during the previous autumn, however, might have brought about a sufficiently low undersaturation of CO2, that as to the point of sampling had not yet been replenished through Warm Deep Water entrainment. In the ensuing early summer the measurements were repeated. In the shelf area and the central Weddell Sea, where the ice-cover had almost disappeared, photosynthesis had caused a decrease of pCO2 and an increase of oxygen compared to the previous winter. In between these two regions there was an area with significant ice-cover where essentially winter conditions prevailed. Based on the summer-winter difference a (late-winter) entrainment rate of Warm Deep Water into the surface layer of 4-5 m/month was calculated. A complete surface water balance, including entrainment, biological activity and air-sea exchange, showed that between the winter and summer cruises CO2 and oxygen had both been absorbed from the atmosphere. The TCO2 increase due to entrainment of Warm Deep Water was partly countered by (autumn) cooling, and partly through biological drawdown. Part of the CO2 removed through biological activity sinks down the water column as organic material and is remineralised at depth. It is well-known that bottom water ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hoppema, Mario Fahrbach, Eberhard Schröder, Michael Wisotzki, Andreas Baar, Hein J.W. de |
spellingShingle |
Hoppema, Mario Fahrbach, Eberhard Schröder, Michael Wisotzki, Andreas Baar, Hein J.W. de Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer |
author_facet |
Hoppema, Mario Fahrbach, Eberhard Schröder, Michael Wisotzki, Andreas Baar, Hein J.W. de |
author_sort |
Hoppema, Mario |
title |
Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer |
title_short |
Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer |
title_full |
Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer |
title_fullStr |
Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer |
title_sort |
winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the weddell sea surface layer |
publishDate |
1995 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11370/ad37c501-1ed0-4d65-9496-c6dbdcb301dd https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/ad37c501-1ed0-4d65-9496-c6dbdcb301dd https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00065-8 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/3281687/1995MarChemHoppema.pdf |
geographic |
Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Weddell Sea |
op_source |
Hoppema , M , Fahrbach , E , Schröder , M , Wisotzki , A & Baar , H J W D 1995 , ' Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer ' , Marine Chemistry , vol. 51 , no. 3 , pp. 177-192 . https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00065-8 |
op_relation |
https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/ad37c501-1ed0-4d65-9496-c6dbdcb301dd |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00065-8 |
container_title |
Marine Chemistry |
container_volume |
51 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
177 |
op_container_end_page |
192 |
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1789974161039294464 |