Direct observation of increasing CO2 in the Weddell Gyre along the Prime Meridian during 1973-2008
The World Ocean takes up a large portion of the anthropogenic CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. Determining the resulting increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (C-T, expressed in mu mol kg(-1)) is challenging, particularly in the sub-surface and deep Southern Ocean where the time rate of change of C...
Published in: | Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2011
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11370/6e1c4348-1c0d-4149-9f51-3612074a2a9e https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/6e1c4348-1c0d-4149-9f51-3612074a2a9e https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.007 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/6770254/2011DeepSeaRes2vHeuvenSupp.pdf https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/6770255/2011DeepSeaRes2vHeuven.pdf |
id |
ftunigroningenpu:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/6e1c4348-1c0d-4149-9f51-3612074a2a9e |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunigroningenpu:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/6e1c4348-1c0d-4149-9f51-3612074a2a9e 2024-09-15T18:24:28+00:00 Direct observation of increasing CO2 in the Weddell Gyre along the Prime Meridian during 1973-2008 van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. Hoppema, Mario Huhn, Oliver Slagter, Hans A. de Baar, Hein J. W. 2011-12-15 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11370/6e1c4348-1c0d-4149-9f51-3612074a2a9e https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/6e1c4348-1c0d-4149-9f51-3612074a2a9e https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.007 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/6770254/2011DeepSeaRes2vHeuvenSupp.pdf https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/6770255/2011DeepSeaRes2vHeuven.pdf eng eng https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/6e1c4348-1c0d-4149-9f51-3612074a2a9e info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess van Heuven , S M A C , Hoppema , M , Huhn , O , Slagter , H A & de Baar , H J W 2011 , ' Direct observation of increasing CO2 in the Weddell Gyre along the Prime Meridian during 1973-2008 ' , Deep-Sea research part ii-Topical studies in oceanography , vol. 58 , no. 25-26 , pp. 2613-2635 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.007 Southern Ocean Weddell Gyre CO2 uptake C-ant Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW) TRANSIT-TIME DISTRIBUTIONS TOTAL CARBON-DIOXIDE LAST 2 DECADES ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 ATLANTIC-OCEAN INDIAN-OCEAN BOTTOM-WATER INORGANIC CARBON SOUTHERN-OCEAN NORTH-ATLANTIC article 2011 ftunigroningenpu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.007 2024-07-01T14:49:22Z The World Ocean takes up a large portion of the anthropogenic CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. Determining the resulting increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (C-T, expressed in mu mol kg(-1)) is challenging, particularly in the sub-surface and deep Southern Ocean where the time rate of change of C-T (in mu mol kg(-1) decade(-1)) is commonly expected to be low. We present a determination of this time trend of C-T in a dataset of measurements that spans 35 years comprising 10 cruises in the 1973-2008 period along the 0 degrees-meridian in the Weddell Gyre. The inclusion of many cruises aims to generate results that are more robust than may be obtained by taking the difference between only one pair of cruises, each of which may suffer from errors in accuracy. To further improve consistency between cruises, data were adjusted in order to obtain time-invariant values of C-T (and other relevant parameters) over the 35 years in the least ventilated local water body, this comprising the deeper Warm Deep Water (WDW) and upper Weddell Sea Deep Water (WSDW). It is assumed that this normalization procedure will allow trends in C-T in the more intensely ventilated water masses to be more clearly observed. Time trends were determined directly in measurements of C-T, and alternatively in back-calculated values of preformed C-T (C-T(0); i.e., the C-T of the water at the time that it lost contact with the atmosphere). The determined time trends may be attributed to a combination of natural variability (in hydrography or biogeochemistry) and increased uptake of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere. In order to separate these natural and anthropogenic components, an analysis of the residuals of a multivariate linear regression (MLR), involving the complete time series of all 10 cruises, was additionally performed. This approach is referred to as the Time Series Residuals (TSR) approach. Using the direct method, the time trends of C-T in the WSDW are quite small and non-significant at +0.176 +/- 0.321 mu mol kg(-1) decade(-1). ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Southern Ocean Weddell Sea University of Groningen research database Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 58 25-26 2613 2635 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Groningen research database |
op_collection_id |
ftunigroningenpu |
language |
English |
topic |
Southern Ocean Weddell Gyre CO2 uptake C-ant Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW) TRANSIT-TIME DISTRIBUTIONS TOTAL CARBON-DIOXIDE LAST 2 DECADES ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 ATLANTIC-OCEAN INDIAN-OCEAN BOTTOM-WATER INORGANIC CARBON SOUTHERN-OCEAN NORTH-ATLANTIC |
spellingShingle |
Southern Ocean Weddell Gyre CO2 uptake C-ant Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW) TRANSIT-TIME DISTRIBUTIONS TOTAL CARBON-DIOXIDE LAST 2 DECADES ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 ATLANTIC-OCEAN INDIAN-OCEAN BOTTOM-WATER INORGANIC CARBON SOUTHERN-OCEAN NORTH-ATLANTIC van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. Hoppema, Mario Huhn, Oliver Slagter, Hans A. de Baar, Hein J. W. Direct observation of increasing CO2 in the Weddell Gyre along the Prime Meridian during 1973-2008 |
topic_facet |
Southern Ocean Weddell Gyre CO2 uptake C-ant Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW) TRANSIT-TIME DISTRIBUTIONS TOTAL CARBON-DIOXIDE LAST 2 DECADES ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 ATLANTIC-OCEAN INDIAN-OCEAN BOTTOM-WATER INORGANIC CARBON SOUTHERN-OCEAN NORTH-ATLANTIC |
description |
The World Ocean takes up a large portion of the anthropogenic CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. Determining the resulting increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (C-T, expressed in mu mol kg(-1)) is challenging, particularly in the sub-surface and deep Southern Ocean where the time rate of change of C-T (in mu mol kg(-1) decade(-1)) is commonly expected to be low. We present a determination of this time trend of C-T in a dataset of measurements that spans 35 years comprising 10 cruises in the 1973-2008 period along the 0 degrees-meridian in the Weddell Gyre. The inclusion of many cruises aims to generate results that are more robust than may be obtained by taking the difference between only one pair of cruises, each of which may suffer from errors in accuracy. To further improve consistency between cruises, data were adjusted in order to obtain time-invariant values of C-T (and other relevant parameters) over the 35 years in the least ventilated local water body, this comprising the deeper Warm Deep Water (WDW) and upper Weddell Sea Deep Water (WSDW). It is assumed that this normalization procedure will allow trends in C-T in the more intensely ventilated water masses to be more clearly observed. Time trends were determined directly in measurements of C-T, and alternatively in back-calculated values of preformed C-T (C-T(0); i.e., the C-T of the water at the time that it lost contact with the atmosphere). The determined time trends may be attributed to a combination of natural variability (in hydrography or biogeochemistry) and increased uptake of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere. In order to separate these natural and anthropogenic components, an analysis of the residuals of a multivariate linear regression (MLR), involving the complete time series of all 10 cruises, was additionally performed. This approach is referred to as the Time Series Residuals (TSR) approach. Using the direct method, the time trends of C-T in the WSDW are quite small and non-significant at +0.176 +/- 0.321 mu mol kg(-1) decade(-1). ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. Hoppema, Mario Huhn, Oliver Slagter, Hans A. de Baar, Hein J. W. |
author_facet |
van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. Hoppema, Mario Huhn, Oliver Slagter, Hans A. de Baar, Hein J. W. |
author_sort |
van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. |
title |
Direct observation of increasing CO2 in the Weddell Gyre along the Prime Meridian during 1973-2008 |
title_short |
Direct observation of increasing CO2 in the Weddell Gyre along the Prime Meridian during 1973-2008 |
title_full |
Direct observation of increasing CO2 in the Weddell Gyre along the Prime Meridian during 1973-2008 |
title_fullStr |
Direct observation of increasing CO2 in the Weddell Gyre along the Prime Meridian during 1973-2008 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Direct observation of increasing CO2 in the Weddell Gyre along the Prime Meridian during 1973-2008 |
title_sort |
direct observation of increasing co2 in the weddell gyre along the prime meridian during 1973-2008 |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11370/6e1c4348-1c0d-4149-9f51-3612074a2a9e https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/6e1c4348-1c0d-4149-9f51-3612074a2a9e https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.007 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/6770254/2011DeepSeaRes2vHeuvenSupp.pdf https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/6770255/2011DeepSeaRes2vHeuven.pdf |
genre |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
op_source |
van Heuven , S M A C , Hoppema , M , Huhn , O , Slagter , H A & de Baar , H J W 2011 , ' Direct observation of increasing CO2 in the Weddell Gyre along the Prime Meridian during 1973-2008 ' , Deep-Sea research part ii-Topical studies in oceanography , vol. 58 , no. 25-26 , pp. 2613-2635 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.007 |
op_relation |
https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/6e1c4348-1c0d-4149-9f51-3612074a2a9e |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.007 |
container_title |
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
container_volume |
58 |
container_issue |
25-26 |
container_start_page |
2613 |
op_container_end_page |
2635 |
_version_ |
1810464826445529088 |