Interannual controls on Weddell Sea surface water fCO2 during the autumn–winter transition phase
The fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) of the surface waters of the Weddell Sea along the prime meridian has been described for the austral autumn in 1996 and 1998. For individual years, fCO2 has a strong linear relationship with sea surface temperature, although the relationships cannot be reconcile...
Published in: | Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2004
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11370/68f395a7-22d7-4b59-ada2-112158fd46ee https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/68f395a7-22d7-4b59-ada2-112158fd46ee https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.01.002 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/2961486/2004DeepSeaRes1Bellerby.pdf |
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ftunigroningenpu:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/68f395a7-22d7-4b59-ada2-112158fd46ee 2024-02-04T10:04:42+01:00 Interannual controls on Weddell Sea surface water fCO2 during the autumn–winter transition phase Bellerby, Richard G.J. Hoppema, Mario Fahrbach, Eberhard Baar, Hein J.W. de Stoll, Michel H.C. 2004 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11370/68f395a7-22d7-4b59-ada2-112158fd46ee https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/68f395a7-22d7-4b59-ada2-112158fd46ee https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.01.002 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/2961486/2004DeepSeaRes1Bellerby.pdf eng eng https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/68f395a7-22d7-4b59-ada2-112158fd46ee info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Bellerby , R G J , Hoppema , M , Fahrbach , E , Baar , H J W D & Stoll , M H C 2004 , ' Interannual controls on Weddell Sea surface water fCO2 during the autumn–winter transition phase ' , Deep Sea Research Part I. Oceanographic Research Papers , vol. 51 , no. 6 , pp. 793-808 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.01.002 Component analysis model Interannual variability Autumn Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide Weddell Sea Southern Ocean article 2004 ftunigroningenpu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.01.002 2024-01-10T23:24:49Z The fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) of the surface waters of the Weddell Sea along the prime meridian has been described for the austral autumn in 1996 and 1998. For individual years, fCO2 has a strong linear relationship with sea surface temperature, although the relationships cannot be reconciled to provide an interannually consistent algorithm for remotely sensed assessment of fCO2. However, from the assumption that Weddell Sea surface water has a single end member (upwelled Warm Deep Water) we have determined the relative contributions of heating, ice-melt, and biological activity on fCO2. A breakdown of the controls shows that the measured annual fCO2 distributions can be recreated for both transects by adjusting solely for thermodynamic forcing, and model adjustments for salinity are small except in regions of significant upwelling during 1998. The incorporation of nitrate utilisation into the model results in a general and significant underestimation of fCO2. This runs contrary to earlier findings in the Southern Ocean although it is consistent with models in the area. A major caveat to these findings is the significant departure of the thermodynamic model and a tightening of the nitrate-adjusted model in 1998 in areas with deeper mixing in the southern Weddell Sea. We propose that there are two reasons for the discrepancies in our model: the source waters are not as homogenous as the model assumes; and there are geographical and seasonal variations of CO2 exchange with the atmosphere and the input of inorganic carbon and nitrate from below the mixed layer resulting in imbalances in the mixed layer concentration ratios. Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Weddell Sea University of Groningen research database Austral Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 51 6 793 808 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Groningen research database |
op_collection_id |
ftunigroningenpu |
language |
English |
topic |
Component analysis model Interannual variability Autumn Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide Weddell Sea Southern Ocean |
spellingShingle |
Component analysis model Interannual variability Autumn Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide Weddell Sea Southern Ocean Bellerby, Richard G.J. Hoppema, Mario Fahrbach, Eberhard Baar, Hein J.W. de Stoll, Michel H.C. Interannual controls on Weddell Sea surface water fCO2 during the autumn–winter transition phase |
topic_facet |
Component analysis model Interannual variability Autumn Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide Weddell Sea Southern Ocean |
description |
The fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) of the surface waters of the Weddell Sea along the prime meridian has been described for the austral autumn in 1996 and 1998. For individual years, fCO2 has a strong linear relationship with sea surface temperature, although the relationships cannot be reconciled to provide an interannually consistent algorithm for remotely sensed assessment of fCO2. However, from the assumption that Weddell Sea surface water has a single end member (upwelled Warm Deep Water) we have determined the relative contributions of heating, ice-melt, and biological activity on fCO2. A breakdown of the controls shows that the measured annual fCO2 distributions can be recreated for both transects by adjusting solely for thermodynamic forcing, and model adjustments for salinity are small except in regions of significant upwelling during 1998. The incorporation of nitrate utilisation into the model results in a general and significant underestimation of fCO2. This runs contrary to earlier findings in the Southern Ocean although it is consistent with models in the area. A major caveat to these findings is the significant departure of the thermodynamic model and a tightening of the nitrate-adjusted model in 1998 in areas with deeper mixing in the southern Weddell Sea. We propose that there are two reasons for the discrepancies in our model: the source waters are not as homogenous as the model assumes; and there are geographical and seasonal variations of CO2 exchange with the atmosphere and the input of inorganic carbon and nitrate from below the mixed layer resulting in imbalances in the mixed layer concentration ratios. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bellerby, Richard G.J. Hoppema, Mario Fahrbach, Eberhard Baar, Hein J.W. de Stoll, Michel H.C. |
author_facet |
Bellerby, Richard G.J. Hoppema, Mario Fahrbach, Eberhard Baar, Hein J.W. de Stoll, Michel H.C. |
author_sort |
Bellerby, Richard G.J. |
title |
Interannual controls on Weddell Sea surface water fCO2 during the autumn–winter transition phase |
title_short |
Interannual controls on Weddell Sea surface water fCO2 during the autumn–winter transition phase |
title_full |
Interannual controls on Weddell Sea surface water fCO2 during the autumn–winter transition phase |
title_fullStr |
Interannual controls on Weddell Sea surface water fCO2 during the autumn–winter transition phase |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interannual controls on Weddell Sea surface water fCO2 during the autumn–winter transition phase |
title_sort |
interannual controls on weddell sea surface water fco2 during the autumn–winter transition phase |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11370/68f395a7-22d7-4b59-ada2-112158fd46ee https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/68f395a7-22d7-4b59-ada2-112158fd46ee https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.01.002 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/2961486/2004DeepSeaRes1Bellerby.pdf |
geographic |
Austral Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Austral Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
op_source |
Bellerby , R G J , Hoppema , M , Fahrbach , E , Baar , H J W D & Stoll , M H C 2004 , ' Interannual controls on Weddell Sea surface water fCO2 during the autumn–winter transition phase ' , Deep Sea Research Part I. Oceanographic Research Papers , vol. 51 , no. 6 , pp. 793-808 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.01.002 |
op_relation |
https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/68f395a7-22d7-4b59-ada2-112158fd46ee |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.01.002 |
container_title |
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers |
container_volume |
51 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
793 |
op_container_end_page |
808 |
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