Energetic bottlenecks and other design constraints in avian annual cycles
The flexible phenotypes of birds and mammals often appear to represent adjustments to alleviate some energetic bottleneck or another. By increasing the size of the organs involved in digestion and assimilation of nutrients (gut and liver), an individual bird can increase its ability to process nutri...
Published in: | Integrative and Comparative Biology |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2002
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11370/1129c56d-e3af-4aa9-8e5d-a586c844c3e4 https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/1129c56d-e3af-4aa9-8e5d-a586c844c3e4 https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/42.1.51 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/3032705/2002IntegCompBiolPiersma.pdf |
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ftunigroningenpu:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/1129c56d-e3af-4aa9-8e5d-a586c844c3e4 2024-06-23T07:50:53+00:00 Energetic bottlenecks and other design constraints in avian annual cycles Piersma, T 2002-02 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11370/1129c56d-e3af-4aa9-8e5d-a586c844c3e4 https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/1129c56d-e3af-4aa9-8e5d-a586c844c3e4 https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/42.1.51 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/3032705/2002IntegCompBiolPiersma.pdf eng eng https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/1129c56d-e3af-4aa9-8e5d-a586c844c3e4 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Piersma , T 2002 , ' Energetic bottlenecks and other design constraints in avian annual cycles ' , Integrative and Comparative Biology , vol. 42 , no. 1 , pp. 51-67 . https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/42.1.51 BASAL METABOLIC-RATE KNOTS CALIDRIS-CANUTUS LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION BAR-TAILED GODWITS AEROBIC PERFORMANCE VARIATION KESTREL FALCO-TINNUNCULUS SPRINGTIME STOPOVER SITE EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS TIT PARUS-MAJOR BODY-COMPOSITION article 2002 ftunigroningenpu https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/42.1.51 2024-06-03T16:08:16Z The flexible phenotypes of birds and mammals often appear to represent adjustments to alleviate some energetic bottleneck or another. By increasing the size of the organs involved in digestion and assimilation of nutrients (gut and liver), an individual bird can increase its ability to process nutrients, for example to quickly store fuel for onward flight. Similarly, an increase in the exercise organs (pectoral muscles and heart) enables a bird to increase its metabolic power for sustained flight or for thermoregulation. Reflecting the stationary cost of organ maintenance, changes in the size of any part of the "metabolic machinery" will be reflected in Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) unless changes in metabolic intensity also occur. Energetic bottlenecks appear to be set by the marginal value of organ size increases relative to particular peak requirements (including safety factors). These points are elaborated using the studies on long-distance migrating shorebirds, especially red knots Calidris canutus. Red knots encounter energy expenditure levels similar to experimentally determined ceiling levels of ca. 5 times BMR in other birds and mammals, both during the breeding season on High Arctic tundra (probably mainly a function of costs of thermoregulation) and during winter in temperate coastal wetlands (a function of the high costs of processing mollusks, prey poor in nutrients but rich in shell material and salt water). During migration, red knots phenotypically alternate between a "fueling [life-cycle] stage" and a "flight stage." Fueling red knots in tropical areas may encounter heat load problems whilst still on the ground, but high flight altitudes during migratory flights seem to take care of overheating and unacceptably high rates of evaporative water loss. The allocation principles for the flexible phenotypes of red knots and other birds, the costs of their organ flexibility and the ways in which they "organize" all the fast phenotypic changes, are yet to be discovered. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Calidris canutus Tundra University of Groningen research database Arctic Parus ENVELOPE(3.950,3.950,-71.983,-71.983) Integrative and Comparative Biology 42 1 51 67 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Groningen research database |
op_collection_id |
ftunigroningenpu |
language |
English |
topic |
BASAL METABOLIC-RATE KNOTS CALIDRIS-CANUTUS LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION BAR-TAILED GODWITS AEROBIC PERFORMANCE VARIATION KESTREL FALCO-TINNUNCULUS SPRINGTIME STOPOVER SITE EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS TIT PARUS-MAJOR BODY-COMPOSITION |
spellingShingle |
BASAL METABOLIC-RATE KNOTS CALIDRIS-CANUTUS LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION BAR-TAILED GODWITS AEROBIC PERFORMANCE VARIATION KESTREL FALCO-TINNUNCULUS SPRINGTIME STOPOVER SITE EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS TIT PARUS-MAJOR BODY-COMPOSITION Piersma, T Energetic bottlenecks and other design constraints in avian annual cycles |
topic_facet |
BASAL METABOLIC-RATE KNOTS CALIDRIS-CANUTUS LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION BAR-TAILED GODWITS AEROBIC PERFORMANCE VARIATION KESTREL FALCO-TINNUNCULUS SPRINGTIME STOPOVER SITE EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS TIT PARUS-MAJOR BODY-COMPOSITION |
description |
The flexible phenotypes of birds and mammals often appear to represent adjustments to alleviate some energetic bottleneck or another. By increasing the size of the organs involved in digestion and assimilation of nutrients (gut and liver), an individual bird can increase its ability to process nutrients, for example to quickly store fuel for onward flight. Similarly, an increase in the exercise organs (pectoral muscles and heart) enables a bird to increase its metabolic power for sustained flight or for thermoregulation. Reflecting the stationary cost of organ maintenance, changes in the size of any part of the "metabolic machinery" will be reflected in Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) unless changes in metabolic intensity also occur. Energetic bottlenecks appear to be set by the marginal value of organ size increases relative to particular peak requirements (including safety factors). These points are elaborated using the studies on long-distance migrating shorebirds, especially red knots Calidris canutus. Red knots encounter energy expenditure levels similar to experimentally determined ceiling levels of ca. 5 times BMR in other birds and mammals, both during the breeding season on High Arctic tundra (probably mainly a function of costs of thermoregulation) and during winter in temperate coastal wetlands (a function of the high costs of processing mollusks, prey poor in nutrients but rich in shell material and salt water). During migration, red knots phenotypically alternate between a "fueling [life-cycle] stage" and a "flight stage." Fueling red knots in tropical areas may encounter heat load problems whilst still on the ground, but high flight altitudes during migratory flights seem to take care of overheating and unacceptably high rates of evaporative water loss. The allocation principles for the flexible phenotypes of red knots and other birds, the costs of their organ flexibility and the ways in which they "organize" all the fast phenotypic changes, are yet to be discovered. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Piersma, T |
author_facet |
Piersma, T |
author_sort |
Piersma, T |
title |
Energetic bottlenecks and other design constraints in avian annual cycles |
title_short |
Energetic bottlenecks and other design constraints in avian annual cycles |
title_full |
Energetic bottlenecks and other design constraints in avian annual cycles |
title_fullStr |
Energetic bottlenecks and other design constraints in avian annual cycles |
title_full_unstemmed |
Energetic bottlenecks and other design constraints in avian annual cycles |
title_sort |
energetic bottlenecks and other design constraints in avian annual cycles |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11370/1129c56d-e3af-4aa9-8e5d-a586c844c3e4 https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/1129c56d-e3af-4aa9-8e5d-a586c844c3e4 https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/42.1.51 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/3032705/2002IntegCompBiolPiersma.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(3.950,3.950,-71.983,-71.983) |
geographic |
Arctic Parus |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Parus |
genre |
Arctic Calidris canutus Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Calidris canutus Tundra |
op_source |
Piersma , T 2002 , ' Energetic bottlenecks and other design constraints in avian annual cycles ' , Integrative and Comparative Biology , vol. 42 , no. 1 , pp. 51-67 . https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/42.1.51 |
op_relation |
https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/1129c56d-e3af-4aa9-8e5d-a586c844c3e4 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/42.1.51 |
container_title |
Integrative and Comparative Biology |
container_volume |
42 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
51 |
op_container_end_page |
67 |
_version_ |
1802641834198958080 |