Regulating Antarctic Tourism:The Challenge of Consensus-Based Decision-Making
In the 2022-2023 season, more than 104,000 tourists visited Antarctica. This represents an increase of more than 40 percent compared to the 2019-20 pre-pandemic season. The diversity of activities is also constantly growing. This note provides an overview of these developments and discusses the exte...
Published in: | American Journal of International Law |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11370/0e764065-755e-4c2b-b6ff-c11b61dff9ab https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/0e764065-755e-4c2b-b6ff-c11b61dff9ab https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.34 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/849180463/regulating-antarctic-tourism-the-challenge-of-consensus-based-decision-making.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85163857739&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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ftunigroningenpu:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/0e764065-755e-4c2b-b6ff-c11b61dff9ab 2024-06-23T07:46:57+00:00 Regulating Antarctic Tourism:The Challenge of Consensus-Based Decision-Making Bastmeijer, Kees Shibata, Akiho Steinhage, Imme Ferrada, Luis Valentin Bloom, Evan T. 2023-10 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11370/0e764065-755e-4c2b-b6ff-c11b61dff9ab https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/0e764065-755e-4c2b-b6ff-c11b61dff9ab https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.34 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/849180463/regulating-antarctic-tourism-the-challenge-of-consensus-based-decision-making.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85163857739&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/0e764065-755e-4c2b-b6ff-c11b61dff9ab info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Bastmeijer , K , Shibata , A , Steinhage , I , Ferrada , L V & Bloom , E T 2023 , ' Regulating Antarctic Tourism : The Challenge of Consensus-Based Decision-Making ' , American Journal of International Law , vol. 117 , no. 4 , pp. 651-676 . https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.34 Antarctic tourism Antarctic Treaty System consensus environmental protection article 2023 ftunigroningenpu https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.34 2024-06-10T17:46:27Z In the 2022-2023 season, more than 104,000 tourists visited Antarctica. This represents an increase of more than 40 percent compared to the 2019-20 pre-pandemic season. The diversity of activities is also constantly growing. This note provides an overview of these developments and discusses the extent to which the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties, that govern Antarctica on the basis of consensus, have responded with regulatory action. The analysis shows that little decision-making has taken place and that no consensus could be reached on many policy questions in relation to growing Antarctic tourism. Failure to ensure timely and adequate international responses to environmental challenges poses not only a risk to the Antarctic environment, but could also constitute a challenge to the legitimacy and stability of the Antarctic Treaty governance system. In this light, options are identified for strengthening Antarctic decision-making regarding Antarctic tourism. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica University of Groningen research database Antarctic The Antarctic American Journal of International Law 1 27 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Groningen research database |
op_collection_id |
ftunigroningenpu |
language |
English |
topic |
Antarctic tourism Antarctic Treaty System consensus environmental protection |
spellingShingle |
Antarctic tourism Antarctic Treaty System consensus environmental protection Bastmeijer, Kees Shibata, Akiho Steinhage, Imme Ferrada, Luis Valentin Bloom, Evan T. Regulating Antarctic Tourism:The Challenge of Consensus-Based Decision-Making |
topic_facet |
Antarctic tourism Antarctic Treaty System consensus environmental protection |
description |
In the 2022-2023 season, more than 104,000 tourists visited Antarctica. This represents an increase of more than 40 percent compared to the 2019-20 pre-pandemic season. The diversity of activities is also constantly growing. This note provides an overview of these developments and discusses the extent to which the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties, that govern Antarctica on the basis of consensus, have responded with regulatory action. The analysis shows that little decision-making has taken place and that no consensus could be reached on many policy questions in relation to growing Antarctic tourism. Failure to ensure timely and adequate international responses to environmental challenges poses not only a risk to the Antarctic environment, but could also constitute a challenge to the legitimacy and stability of the Antarctic Treaty governance system. In this light, options are identified for strengthening Antarctic decision-making regarding Antarctic tourism. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bastmeijer, Kees Shibata, Akiho Steinhage, Imme Ferrada, Luis Valentin Bloom, Evan T. |
author_facet |
Bastmeijer, Kees Shibata, Akiho Steinhage, Imme Ferrada, Luis Valentin Bloom, Evan T. |
author_sort |
Bastmeijer, Kees |
title |
Regulating Antarctic Tourism:The Challenge of Consensus-Based Decision-Making |
title_short |
Regulating Antarctic Tourism:The Challenge of Consensus-Based Decision-Making |
title_full |
Regulating Antarctic Tourism:The Challenge of Consensus-Based Decision-Making |
title_fullStr |
Regulating Antarctic Tourism:The Challenge of Consensus-Based Decision-Making |
title_full_unstemmed |
Regulating Antarctic Tourism:The Challenge of Consensus-Based Decision-Making |
title_sort |
regulating antarctic tourism:the challenge of consensus-based decision-making |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11370/0e764065-755e-4c2b-b6ff-c11b61dff9ab https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/0e764065-755e-4c2b-b6ff-c11b61dff9ab https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.34 https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/849180463/regulating-antarctic-tourism-the-challenge-of-consensus-based-decision-making.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85163857739&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_source |
Bastmeijer , K , Shibata , A , Steinhage , I , Ferrada , L V & Bloom , E T 2023 , ' Regulating Antarctic Tourism : The Challenge of Consensus-Based Decision-Making ' , American Journal of International Law , vol. 117 , no. 4 , pp. 651-676 . https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.34 |
op_relation |
https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/0e764065-755e-4c2b-b6ff-c11b61dff9ab |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2023.34 |
container_title |
American Journal of International Law |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
27 |
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1802649521701781504 |