Rock art technology, digital imaging and experimental archaeology: recent research on Iberian Late Bronze Age warrior stelae

This paper proposes a methodological approach for the study of rock art technology that combines the application of digital imaging techniques (in particular Reflectance Transformation Imaging, RTI) with rock art replication experiments. It is argued that this kind of combined bottom-up approach has...

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Published in:European Journal of Archaeology
Main Author: Díaz-Guardamino, Marta
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Ediciones Complutense 2023
Subjects:
Online Access:https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CMPL/article/view/85238
id ftunicmadridrev:oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/85238
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM): Revistas Científicas Complutenses
op_collection_id ftunicmadridrev
language English
topic rock art
warrior stelae
Late Bronze Age
engraving techniques
Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI)
experimental archaeology
arte rupestre
estelas de guerrero
Edad del Bronce Final
técnicas de grabado
Imágenes por Transformación de la Reflectancia (RTI)
arqueología experimental
spellingShingle rock art
warrior stelae
Late Bronze Age
engraving techniques
Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI)
experimental archaeology
arte rupestre
estelas de guerrero
Edad del Bronce Final
técnicas de grabado
Imágenes por Transformación de la Reflectancia (RTI)
arqueología experimental
Díaz-Guardamino, Marta
Rock art technology, digital imaging and experimental archaeology: recent research on Iberian Late Bronze Age warrior stelae
topic_facet rock art
warrior stelae
Late Bronze Age
engraving techniques
Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI)
experimental archaeology
arte rupestre
estelas de guerrero
Edad del Bronce Final
técnicas de grabado
Imágenes por Transformación de la Reflectancia (RTI)
arqueología experimental
description This paper proposes a methodological approach for the study of rock art technology that combines the application of digital imaging techniques (in particular Reflectance Transformation Imaging, RTI) with rock art replication experiments. It is argued that this kind of combined bottom-up approach has the potential to offer valuable insights into the communities of practice involved in the creation of rock art. The paper uses Iberian Late Bronze Age warrior stelae as a case study, and presents the results of the recent technological analysis of four stelae from the Guadalquivir basin, as well as a replication experiment. Added to offering some promising new insights into the social dimension of stelae-making, the paper also underlines the significance of tools collected through fieldwork at stelae find-spots as an additional line of evidence. Este artículo propone un enfoque metodológico para el estudio de la tecnología del arte rupestre que combina la aplicación de técnicas de imagen digital (en particular, Reflectance Transformation Imaging, RTI) con experimentos de recreación de arte rupestre. Se argumenta que este tipo de enfoque ‘bottom-up’, combinando dos líneas de evidencia complementarias, tiene el potencial de ofrecer información valiosa sobre las comunidades de práctica involucradas en la creación de arte rupestre. El artículo utiliza estelas de guerrero de la Edad del Bronce Final en la Península Ibérica como estudio de caso y presenta los resultados del reciente análisis tecnológico de cuatro estelas de la cuenca del Guadalquivir, así como un experimento de recreación. Además de ofrecer nueva información sobre la dimensión social de la creación de estelas, el artículo también subraya la importancia de las herramientas documentadas a través del trabajo de campo en los lugares de hallazgo de las estelas como una línea de evidencia adicional a tener en cuenta.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Díaz-Guardamino, Marta
author_facet Díaz-Guardamino, Marta
author_sort Díaz-Guardamino, Marta
title Rock art technology, digital imaging and experimental archaeology: recent research on Iberian Late Bronze Age warrior stelae
title_short Rock art technology, digital imaging and experimental archaeology: recent research on Iberian Late Bronze Age warrior stelae
title_full Rock art technology, digital imaging and experimental archaeology: recent research on Iberian Late Bronze Age warrior stelae
title_fullStr Rock art technology, digital imaging and experimental archaeology: recent research on Iberian Late Bronze Age warrior stelae
title_full_unstemmed Rock art technology, digital imaging and experimental archaeology: recent research on Iberian Late Bronze Age warrior stelae
title_sort rock art technology, digital imaging and experimental archaeology: recent research on iberian late bronze age warrior stelae
publisher Ediciones Complutense
publishDate 2023
url https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CMPL/article/view/85238
genre Arctic
genre_facet Arctic
op_source Complutum; Vol. 34 No. Especial (2023): Prehistoria de España. Homenaje al profesor Martín Almagro-Gorbea; 145-162
Complutum; Vol. 34 Núm. Especial (2023): Prehistoria de España. Homenaje al profesor Martín Almagro-Gorbea; 145-162
1988-2327
1131-6993
op_relation https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CMPL/article/view/85238/4564456563646
Almagro-Gorbea, M. 1977. El Bronce Final y el período Orientalizante en Extremadura. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Español de Prehistoria. Alvarez, M., D. Fiore, E. Favret and R. Castillo, 2001. The Use of Lithic Artefacts for Making Rock Art Engravings: Observation and Analysis of Use-Wear Traces in Experimental Tools Through Optical Microscopy and SEM, Journal of Archaeological Science 28, 457–64. Araque, R. 2018: Inter-Cultural Communications and Iconography in the Western Mediterra-nean during the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. Freiburger Archaeölogische Studien. Band 9. Leidorf. https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2020.13 Aubet, M.E., 1997. A propósito de una vieja estela, Saguntum (PLAV) 30, 163-72. Bednarik, R.G., 1998. The technology of Petroglyphs, Rock Art Research 15(1), 23-35. Bernbeck, R., 2003. The Ideologies of Intentionality, Rundbrief Theorie-G 2(2), 44-50. Bonsor, G.E. and R. Thouvenot 1928. Nécropole ibérique de Setefilla. Lora del Río (Sevilla). Fouilles de 1926-1927. Bourdeaux, Paris. Celestino, S. 2001. Estelas de guerrero y estelas diademadas. La precolonización y formación del mundo tartésico. Barcelona: Bellaterra. Celestino, S., V. Mayoral, J.Á. Salgado and R. Cazorla 2011. Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South west Iberia. In T. Moore and X.-L. Armada (eds), Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC: Crossing the Divide, 135-52. Oxford University Press: Oxford. Chippindale, C. and P.S.C. Taçon (eds) 1999. The Archaeology of Rock-Art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cultural-Heritage-Imaging 2011. Reflectance Transformation Imaging: Guide to Highlight Image Processing v1.4. San Francisco: Cultural Heritage Imaging. Available at: <http://culturalheritageimaging.org/What_We_Offer/Downloads/rtibuilder/RTI_hlt_Processing_Guide_v14_beta.pdf> (last accessed: 15/12/2014). Cultural-Heritage-Imaging 2013a. Guide to RTIViewer v 1.1. San Francisco: Cultural Heritage Imaging. Available at: <http://culturalheritageimaging.org/What_We_Offer/Downloads/rtiviewer/RTIViewer_Guide_v1_1.pdf> (last accessed: 15/12/2014). Cultural-Heritage-Imaging 2013b. Reflectance Transformation Imaging: Guide to Highlight Image Capture v2.0. San Francisco: Cultural Heritage Imaging. Available at: <http://culturalheritageimaging.org/What_We_Offer/Downloads/RTI_Hlt_Capture_Guide_v2_0.pdf> (last accessed: 15/12/2014). Díaz-Andreu, M., C. García Benito and M. Lazarich, 2014. The Sound of Rock Art. The Acoustics of the Rock Art of Southern Andalusia (Spain), Oxford Journal of Archaeology 33(1), 1-18. Díaz-Guardamino, M. 2010. Las estelas decoradas en la Prehistoria de la Península Ibérica. Madrid: PhD Thesis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Díaz-Guardamino, M. 2012. Estelas decoradas del Bronce Final en la Península Ibérica: datos para su articulación cronológica. In J. Jiménez Ávila (ed), Sidereum Ana II, El río Guadiana en el Bronce Final (Anejos de Archivo Español de Arqueología, 389-415. Mérida: Instituto de Arqueología de Mérida. Díaz-Guardamino, M. 2020. Rock art as process: Iberian Late Bronze Age 'warrior' stelae in-the-making. In Back Danielsson, I.-M. and A.M. Jones (eds.) Images in-the-making: Art, Process, Archaeology (Social Archaeology and Material Worlds). Manchester: Manchester University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526142856.00014 Díaz-Guardamino, M. 2021. The Temporality of Stone: Late Prehistoric Sculpture in Iberia. In S. Hüglin, L. Seppänen, A. Arrighetti and A. Gramsch (eds.). Turning to Stone: Petrification Processes in (Pre)Historic Europe, pp. 99-113. EAA Themes in Contemporary Archaeology. New York: Springer. Díaz-Guardamino, M., L. García Sanjuán, D. Wheatley and V. Rodríguez Zamora, 2015. RTI and the study of engraved rock art: A re-examination of the Iberian south-western stelae of Setefilla and Almadén de la Plata 2 (Seville, Spain), Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 2(2–3), 41-54. Díaz-Guardamino, M., L. García Sanjuán, D. Wheatley, J.A. Lozano Rodríguez, M.A. Rogerio Candelera, M. Krueger, M. Krueger, M. Hunt, M. Murillo-Barroso & V. Balsera Nieto, 2019. Rethinking Iberian 'Warrior' Stelae: A Multidisciplinary Investigation of Mirasiviene and Its Connection to Setefilla (Lora del Río, Seville, Spain). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11(11): 6111-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00909-1 Díaz-Guardamino, M., L. García Sanjuán, D. Wheatley, J.A. Lozano Rodríguez, M.A. Rogerio Candelera & M. Casado Ariza. 2020. Late Prehistoric Stelae, Persistent Places and Connected Worlds: A Multi-Disciplinary Review of the Evidence at Almargen (Lands of Antequera, Spain). Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 30(1): 69-96. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774319000490 Díaz-Guardamino, M. and D. Wheatley, 2013. Rock Art and Digital Technologies: The Application of Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and 3D Laser Scanning to the Study of Late Bronze Age Iberian Stelae, MENGA, Journal of Andalusian Prehistory 04, 187-203. Enríquez, J.J. and M. Fernández, 2010. Notas sobre las técnicas de grabado y de composición formal de las estelas diademadas y de guerreros, Cuadernos de Arqueología de la Universidad de Navarra 18, 149-75. Fahlander, F. 2012. Articulating stone. The material practice of petroglyphing. In I.-M. Back Danielsson, F. Fahlander and Y. Sjöstrand (eds), Encountering Imagery: Materialities, Perceptions, Relations, 97-116. Stockholm: Stockholm University. Fiore, D., 1996. El arte rupestre como producto complejo de procesos ideológicos y económicos: una propuesta de análisis, Espacio, Tiempo y Forma, Serie I, Prehistoria y Arqueología 9, 239–59. Fiore, D., 2007. The economic side of rock art: concepts on the production of visual images, Rock Art Research 24(2), 149–60. Fredell, Å.C., K. Kristiansen and F. Criado Boado (eds) 2010. Representations and Communications. Creating an Archaeological Matrix of Late Prehistoric Art. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Galán, E. 1993. Estelas, paisaje y territorio en el bronce final del suroeste de la Península Ibérica. Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid. García-Arilla Oliver, A.; Conget Vicente, H.; Moreno Terré, A.; Pueyo Anchuela, Ó. (2021): Análisis compositivo y de profundidad de los grabados de la estela de Luna-Valpalmas mediante digitalización 3D por luz estructurada. Complutum, 32(1): 49-71. García Sanjuán, L. and M. Díaz-Guardamino 2015. The Outstanding Biographies of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Spain. In M. Díaz-Guardamino, L. García Sanjuán and D.W. Wheatley (eds), The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe, 183-204. Oxford: Oxford University Press. García Sanjuán, L., D.W. Wheatley, P. Fábrega Álvarez, M.J. Hernández Arnero and A. Polvorinos del Río, 2006. Las estelas de guerrero de Almadén de la Plata (Sevilla). Morfología, Tecnología y Contexto, Trabajos de Prehistoria 63(2), 135-52. Gomes, M.V. and J.P. Monteiro, 1977. Las estelas decoradas do Pomar (Beja-Portugal). Estudio comparado, Trabajos de Prehistoria 34, 165-212. Gutiérrez, C., P. Muñoz, J. Pereira and T. Chapa (2020). Las estelas de guerrero del valle medio del Tajo. Recreación experimental del proceso de elaboración. Anejos a CuPAUAM 4. Docendo discimus. Homenaje a la profesora Carmen Fernández Ochoa. L. Berrocal Rangel and A. Mederos Martín. Madrid, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid: 93-104. 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https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CMPL/article/view/85238
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op_doi https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2020.13
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spelling ftunicmadridrev:oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/85238 2024-10-13T14:03:56+00:00 Rock art technology, digital imaging and experimental archaeology: recent research on Iberian Late Bronze Age warrior stelae Díaz-Guardamino, Marta 2023-03-13 application/pdf https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CMPL/article/view/85238 eng eng Ediciones Complutense https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CMPL/article/view/85238/4564456563646 Almagro-Gorbea, M. 1977. El Bronce Final y el período Orientalizante en Extremadura. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Español de Prehistoria. Alvarez, M., D. Fiore, E. Favret and R. Castillo, 2001. The Use of Lithic Artefacts for Making Rock Art Engravings: Observation and Analysis of Use-Wear Traces in Experimental Tools Through Optical Microscopy and SEM, Journal of Archaeological Science 28, 457–64. Araque, R. 2018: Inter-Cultural Communications and Iconography in the Western Mediterra-nean during the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. Freiburger Archaeölogische Studien. Band 9. Leidorf. https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2020.13 Aubet, M.E., 1997. A propósito de una vieja estela, Saguntum (PLAV) 30, 163-72. Bednarik, R.G., 1998. The technology of Petroglyphs, Rock Art Research 15(1), 23-35. Bernbeck, R., 2003. The Ideologies of Intentionality, Rundbrief Theorie-G 2(2), 44-50. Bonsor, G.E. and R. Thouvenot 1928. Nécropole ibérique de Setefilla. Lora del Río (Sevilla). Fouilles de 1926-1927. Bourdeaux, Paris. Celestino, S. 2001. Estelas de guerrero y estelas diademadas. La precolonización y formación del mundo tartésico. Barcelona: Bellaterra. Celestino, S., V. Mayoral, J.Á. Salgado and R. Cazorla 2011. Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South west Iberia. In T. Moore and X.-L. Armada (eds), Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC: Crossing the Divide, 135-52. Oxford University Press: Oxford. Chippindale, C. and P.S.C. Taçon (eds) 1999. The Archaeology of Rock-Art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cultural-Heritage-Imaging 2011. Reflectance Transformation Imaging: Guide to Highlight Image Processing v1.4. San Francisco: Cultural Heritage Imaging. Available at: <http://culturalheritageimaging.org/What_We_Offer/Downloads/rtibuilder/RTI_hlt_Processing_Guide_v14_beta.pdf> (last accessed: 15/12/2014). Cultural-Heritage-Imaging 2013a. Guide to RTIViewer v 1.1. San Francisco: Cultural Heritage Imaging. Available at: <http://culturalheritageimaging.org/What_We_Offer/Downloads/rtiviewer/RTIViewer_Guide_v1_1.pdf> (last accessed: 15/12/2014). Cultural-Heritage-Imaging 2013b. Reflectance Transformation Imaging: Guide to Highlight Image Capture v2.0. San Francisco: Cultural Heritage Imaging. Available at: <http://culturalheritageimaging.org/What_We_Offer/Downloads/RTI_Hlt_Capture_Guide_v2_0.pdf> (last accessed: 15/12/2014). Díaz-Andreu, M., C. García Benito and M. Lazarich, 2014. The Sound of Rock Art. The Acoustics of the Rock Art of Southern Andalusia (Spain), Oxford Journal of Archaeology 33(1), 1-18. Díaz-Guardamino, M. 2010. Las estelas decoradas en la Prehistoria de la Península Ibérica. Madrid: PhD Thesis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Díaz-Guardamino, M. 2012. Estelas decoradas del Bronce Final en la Península Ibérica: datos para su articulación cronológica. In J. Jiménez Ávila (ed), Sidereum Ana II, El río Guadiana en el Bronce Final (Anejos de Archivo Español de Arqueología, 389-415. Mérida: Instituto de Arqueología de Mérida. Díaz-Guardamino, M. 2020. Rock art as process: Iberian Late Bronze Age 'warrior' stelae in-the-making. In Back Danielsson, I.-M. and A.M. Jones (eds.) Images in-the-making: Art, Process, Archaeology (Social Archaeology and Material Worlds). Manchester: Manchester University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526142856.00014 Díaz-Guardamino, M. 2021. The Temporality of Stone: Late Prehistoric Sculpture in Iberia. In S. Hüglin, L. Seppänen, A. Arrighetti and A. Gramsch (eds.). Turning to Stone: Petrification Processes in (Pre)Historic Europe, pp. 99-113. EAA Themes in Contemporary Archaeology. New York: Springer. Díaz-Guardamino, M., L. García Sanjuán, D. Wheatley and V. Rodríguez Zamora, 2015. RTI and the study of engraved rock art: A re-examination of the Iberian south-western stelae of Setefilla and Almadén de la Plata 2 (Seville, Spain), Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 2(2–3), 41-54. Díaz-Guardamino, M., L. García Sanjuán, D. Wheatley, J.A. Lozano Rodríguez, M.A. Rogerio Candelera, M. Krueger, M. Krueger, M. Hunt, M. Murillo-Barroso & V. Balsera Nieto, 2019. Rethinking Iberian 'Warrior' Stelae: A Multidisciplinary Investigation of Mirasiviene and Its Connection to Setefilla (Lora del Río, Seville, Spain). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11(11): 6111-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00909-1 Díaz-Guardamino, M., L. García Sanjuán, D. Wheatley, J.A. Lozano Rodríguez, M.A. Rogerio Candelera & M. Casado Ariza. 2020. Late Prehistoric Stelae, Persistent Places and Connected Worlds: A Multi-Disciplinary Review of the Evidence at Almargen (Lands of Antequera, Spain). Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 30(1): 69-96. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774319000490 Díaz-Guardamino, M. and D. Wheatley, 2013. Rock Art and Digital Technologies: The Application of Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and 3D Laser Scanning to the Study of Late Bronze Age Iberian Stelae, MENGA, Journal of Andalusian Prehistory 04, 187-203. Enríquez, J.J. and M. Fernández, 2010. Notas sobre las técnicas de grabado y de composición formal de las estelas diademadas y de guerreros, Cuadernos de Arqueología de la Universidad de Navarra 18, 149-75. Fahlander, F. 2012. Articulating stone. The material practice of petroglyphing. In I.-M. Back Danielsson, F. Fahlander and Y. Sjöstrand (eds), Encountering Imagery: Materialities, Perceptions, Relations, 97-116. Stockholm: Stockholm University. Fiore, D., 1996. El arte rupestre como producto complejo de procesos ideológicos y económicos: una propuesta de análisis, Espacio, Tiempo y Forma, Serie I, Prehistoria y Arqueología 9, 239–59. Fiore, D., 2007. The economic side of rock art: concepts on the production of visual images, Rock Art Research 24(2), 149–60. Fredell, Å.C., K. Kristiansen and F. Criado Boado (eds) 2010. Representations and Communications. Creating an Archaeological Matrix of Late Prehistoric Art. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Galán, E. 1993. Estelas, paisaje y territorio en el bronce final del suroeste de la Península Ibérica. Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid. García-Arilla Oliver, A.; Conget Vicente, H.; Moreno Terré, A.; Pueyo Anchuela, Ó. (2021): Análisis compositivo y de profundidad de los grabados de la estela de Luna-Valpalmas mediante digitalización 3D por luz estructurada. Complutum, 32(1): 49-71. García Sanjuán, L. and M. Díaz-Guardamino 2015. The Outstanding Biographies of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Spain. In M. Díaz-Guardamino, L. García Sanjuán and D.W. Wheatley (eds), The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe, 183-204. Oxford: Oxford University Press. García Sanjuán, L., D.W. Wheatley, P. Fábrega Álvarez, M.J. Hernández Arnero and A. Polvorinos del Río, 2006. Las estelas de guerrero de Almadén de la Plata (Sevilla). Morfología, Tecnología y Contexto, Trabajos de Prehistoria 63(2), 135-52. Gomes, M.V. and J.P. Monteiro, 1977. Las estelas decoradas do Pomar (Beja-Portugal). Estudio comparado, Trabajos de Prehistoria 34, 165-212. Gutiérrez, C., P. Muñoz, J. Pereira and T. Chapa (2020). Las estelas de guerrero del valle medio del Tajo. Recreación experimental del proceso de elaboración. Anejos a CuPAUAM 4. Docendo discimus. Homenaje a la profesora Carmen Fernández Ochoa. L. Berrocal Rangel and A. Mederos Martín. Madrid, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid: 93-104. Harrison, R.J. 2004. Symbols and Warriors. Images of the European Bronze Age. Bristol: Western Academics & Specialist Press Ltd. Helskog, K., 1999. The Shore Connection: Cognitive Landscape and Communication with Rock-Carvings in Northernmost Europe, Norwegian Archaeological Review 32(2), 73‒94. Helskog, K. 2004. Landscapes in Rock Art: Rock Carvings and Ritual in the Old European North. In C. Chippindale and G. Nash (eds), The Figured Landscapes of Rock Art. Looking at Pictures in Place, 265-88. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Helskog, K. 2014. Communicating with the World of Beings. The World Heritage Rock Art Sites in Alta, Arctic Norway. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Horn, C. and R. Potter 2018. Transforming the Rocks – Time and Rock Art in Bohuslän, Sweden. European Journal of Archaeology, 21(3): 361-84. Jones, A., D. Freedman, B. O'Connor, H. Lamdin-Whymark, R. Tipping and A. Watson 2011. An Animate Landscape. Rock Art and the Prehistory of Kilmartin, Argyll, Scotland. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Kohring, S., 2014. Materiality, Technology, and Constructing Social Knowledge through Bodily Representation: A View from Prehistoric Guernsey, Channel Islands, European Journal of Archaeology 17(2), 248-63. Mudge, M., T. Malzbender, C. Schroer and M. Lum 2006. New Reflection Transformation Imaging Methods for Rock Art and Multiple-Viewpoint Display. In M. Ioannides, D. Arnold, F. Niccoluchi and K. Mania (eds), Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST2006), 195-200. Eurographics Association. Mudge, M., Schroer, C., Noble, T., Matthews, N., Rusinkiewicz, S., & Toler-Franklin, C. 2012: “Robust and Scientifically Reliable Rock Art Documentation from Digital Photographs”. In: J. 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American Rock Art Research Association. https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CMPL/article/view/85238 Derechos de autor 2022 Complutum Complutum; Vol. 34 No. Especial (2023): Prehistoria de España. Homenaje al profesor Martín Almagro-Gorbea; 145-162 Complutum; Vol. 34 Núm. Especial (2023): Prehistoria de España. Homenaje al profesor Martín Almagro-Gorbea; 145-162 1988-2327 1131-6993 rock art warrior stelae Late Bronze Age engraving techniques Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) experimental archaeology arte rupestre estelas de guerrero Edad del Bronce Final técnicas de grabado Imágenes por Transformación de la Reflectancia (RTI) arqueología experimental info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículo revisado por pares 2023 ftunicmadridrev https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2020.13 2024-09-24T00:47:23Z This paper proposes a methodological approach for the study of rock art technology that combines the application of digital imaging techniques (in particular Reflectance Transformation Imaging, RTI) with rock art replication experiments. It is argued that this kind of combined bottom-up approach has the potential to offer valuable insights into the communities of practice involved in the creation of rock art. The paper uses Iberian Late Bronze Age warrior stelae as a case study, and presents the results of the recent technological analysis of four stelae from the Guadalquivir basin, as well as a replication experiment. Added to offering some promising new insights into the social dimension of stelae-making, the paper also underlines the significance of tools collected through fieldwork at stelae find-spots as an additional line of evidence. Este artículo propone un enfoque metodológico para el estudio de la tecnología del arte rupestre que combina la aplicación de técnicas de imagen digital (en particular, Reflectance Transformation Imaging, RTI) con experimentos de recreación de arte rupestre. Se argumenta que este tipo de enfoque ‘bottom-up’, combinando dos líneas de evidencia complementarias, tiene el potencial de ofrecer información valiosa sobre las comunidades de práctica involucradas en la creación de arte rupestre. El artículo utiliza estelas de guerrero de la Edad del Bronce Final en la Península Ibérica como estudio de caso y presenta los resultados del reciente análisis tecnológico de cuatro estelas de la cuenca del Guadalquivir, así como un experimento de recreación. Además de ofrecer nueva información sobre la dimensión social de la creación de estelas, el artículo también subraya la importancia de las herramientas documentadas a través del trabajo de campo en los lugares de hallazgo de las estelas como una línea de evidencia adicional a tener en cuenta. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM): Revistas Científicas Complutenses European Journal of Archaeology 23 2 305 308