Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: the 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland
Geysers are among the most fascinating geological features on Earth. Yet, little is still known about their hydrogeological structure at depth. To shed light on the spatial relationships between the vertical conduits and the aquifers feeding them, we conducted a 3D geoelectrical campaign in the Hauk...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11584/348315 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024040 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JB024040 |
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ftunicagliariris:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/348315 2024-04-21T08:05:34+00:00 Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: the 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland Matteo Lupi Marine Collignon Federico Fischanger Aurore Carrier Daniele Trippanera Laura Pioli Lupi, Matteo Collignon, Marine Fischanger, Federico Carrier, Aurore Trippanera, Daniele Pioli, Laura 2022 https://hdl.handle.net/11584/348315 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024040 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JB024040 eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000888194000001 volume:127 issue:11 journal:JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH https://hdl.handle.net/11584/348315 doi:10.1029/2022JB024040 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85142913601 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JB024040 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2022 ftunicagliariris https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024040 2024-03-25T15:55:04Z Geysers are among the most fascinating geological features on Earth. Yet, little is still known about their hydrogeological structure at depth. To shed light on the spatial relationships between the vertical conduits and the aquifers feeding them, we conducted a 3D geoelectrical campaign in the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland. We deployed 24 Iris Fullwavers across the hydrothermal field and inverted resistivity and chargeability measurements. Additionally, we measured temperature variations inside Strokkur and Great Geysir geysers showing temperature fluctuations pointing out the oscillatory behavior that characterizes the geysering cycle of the geysers. By combining a semi-quantitative temperature distribution of the thermal springs across the hydrothermal field with the inversion of the geoelectrical data, we highlight the control that extensional tectonics have on the distribution of fluids across the hydrothermal field. We also point out the occurrence of a common deep groundwater reservoir feeding the hydrothermal centers. Induced polarization data show that the geysers are fed by sub-vertical water-filled fracture zones. The geysers are found at the margins of highly resistive regions where we speculate boiling groundwater and vapor is found. Our proposed model suggests that local waters feeding the main groundwater reservoir downwell from the nearby region and then convect upwards, phase transitioning into vapor at about 200 m depth. From here, fluids flow toward the surface through pipes cutting a highly pressurized and hot system. This study shows to the best of our knowledge the first full 3D tomographic image of a hydrothermal field hosting geysers. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Università degli Studi di Cagliari: UNICA IRIS Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 127 11 |
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Open Polar |
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Università degli Studi di Cagliari: UNICA IRIS |
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ftunicagliariris |
language |
English |
description |
Geysers are among the most fascinating geological features on Earth. Yet, little is still known about their hydrogeological structure at depth. To shed light on the spatial relationships between the vertical conduits and the aquifers feeding them, we conducted a 3D geoelectrical campaign in the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland. We deployed 24 Iris Fullwavers across the hydrothermal field and inverted resistivity and chargeability measurements. Additionally, we measured temperature variations inside Strokkur and Great Geysir geysers showing temperature fluctuations pointing out the oscillatory behavior that characterizes the geysering cycle of the geysers. By combining a semi-quantitative temperature distribution of the thermal springs across the hydrothermal field with the inversion of the geoelectrical data, we highlight the control that extensional tectonics have on the distribution of fluids across the hydrothermal field. We also point out the occurrence of a common deep groundwater reservoir feeding the hydrothermal centers. Induced polarization data show that the geysers are fed by sub-vertical water-filled fracture zones. The geysers are found at the margins of highly resistive regions where we speculate boiling groundwater and vapor is found. Our proposed model suggests that local waters feeding the main groundwater reservoir downwell from the nearby region and then convect upwards, phase transitioning into vapor at about 200 m depth. From here, fluids flow toward the surface through pipes cutting a highly pressurized and hot system. This study shows to the best of our knowledge the first full 3D tomographic image of a hydrothermal field hosting geysers. |
author2 |
Lupi, Matteo Collignon, Marine Fischanger, Federico Carrier, Aurore Trippanera, Daniele Pioli, Laura |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Matteo Lupi Marine Collignon Federico Fischanger Aurore Carrier Daniele Trippanera Laura Pioli |
spellingShingle |
Matteo Lupi Marine Collignon Federico Fischanger Aurore Carrier Daniele Trippanera Laura Pioli Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: the 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland |
author_facet |
Matteo Lupi Marine Collignon Federico Fischanger Aurore Carrier Daniele Trippanera Laura Pioli |
author_sort |
Matteo Lupi |
title |
Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: the 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland |
title_short |
Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: the 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland |
title_full |
Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: the 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: the 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: the 3D subsurface resistive structure of the Haukadalur hydrothermal field, Iceland |
title_sort |
geysers, boiling groundwater and tectonics: the 3d subsurface resistive structure of the haukadalur hydrothermal field, iceland |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11584/348315 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024040 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JB024040 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000888194000001 volume:127 issue:11 journal:JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH https://hdl.handle.net/11584/348315 doi:10.1029/2022JB024040 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85142913601 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JB024040 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024040 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
container_volume |
127 |
container_issue |
11 |
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1796945029481103360 |