Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries
The shallow transport of magma occurs through dikes causing surface deformation. Our understanding of the effects of diking at the surface is limited, especially on the long term, for repeated intrusive episodes. We use analogue models to study the upper crustal deformation induced by dikes. We inse...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2015
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11585/775947 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011850 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014JB011850 |
id |
ftunibolognairis:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/775947 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunibolognairis:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/775947 2024-02-11T10:05:05+01:00 Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries Trippanera, D. Ruch, J. Acocella, V. Rivalta, E. Trippanera, D. Ruch, J. Acocella, V. Rivalta, E. 2015 ELETTRONICO http://hdl.handle.net/11585/775947 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011850 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014JB011850 eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000366842400013 volume:120 issue:10 firstpage:6913 lastpage:6942 numberofpages:30 journal:JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/240583 http://hdl.handle.net/11585/775947 doi:10.1002/2014JB011850 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-84957725219 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014JB011850 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess dike swarm surface deformation divergent plate boundaries analogue models info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2015 ftunibolognairis https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011850 2024-01-24T17:53:28Z The shallow transport of magma occurs through dikes causing surface deformation. Our understanding of the effects of diking at the surface is limited, especially on the long term, for repeated intrusive episodes. We use analogue models to study the upper crustal deformation induced by dikes. We insert metal plates within cohesive sand with three setups: in setup A, the intrusion rises upward with constant thickness and in setups B and C, the intrusion thickens at a fixed depth, with final rectangular (setup B) or triangular (setup C) shape in section. Setup A creates a doming delimited by reverse faults, with secondary apical graben, without close correspondence in nature. In setups B and C, a depression flanked by two uplifted areas is bordered by inward dipping normal faults propagating downward and, for deeper intrusions in setup B, also by inner faults, reverse at the surface; this deformation is similar to what is observed in nature, suggesting a consistent physical behavior. Dikes in nature initially propagate developing a mode I fracture at the tip, subsequently thickened by magma intrusion, without any host rock translation in the propagation direction (as in setup A). The deformation pattern in setups B and C depends on the intrusion depth and thickness, consistently to what is observed along divergent plate boundaries. The early deformation in setups B and C is similar to that from a single rifting episode (i.e., Lakagigar, Iceland, and Dabbahu, Afar), whereas the late stages resemble the structure of mature rifts (i.e., Krafla, Iceland), confirming diking as a major process in shaping divergent plate boundaries. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland IRIS Università degli Studi di Bologna (CRIS - Current Research Information System) Krafla ENVELOPE(-16.747,-16.747,65.713,65.713) Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 120 10 6913 6942 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
IRIS Università degli Studi di Bologna (CRIS - Current Research Information System) |
op_collection_id |
ftunibolognairis |
language |
English |
topic |
dike swarm surface deformation divergent plate boundaries analogue models |
spellingShingle |
dike swarm surface deformation divergent plate boundaries analogue models Trippanera, D. Ruch, J. Acocella, V. Rivalta, E. Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
topic_facet |
dike swarm surface deformation divergent plate boundaries analogue models |
description |
The shallow transport of magma occurs through dikes causing surface deformation. Our understanding of the effects of diking at the surface is limited, especially on the long term, for repeated intrusive episodes. We use analogue models to study the upper crustal deformation induced by dikes. We insert metal plates within cohesive sand with three setups: in setup A, the intrusion rises upward with constant thickness and in setups B and C, the intrusion thickens at a fixed depth, with final rectangular (setup B) or triangular (setup C) shape in section. Setup A creates a doming delimited by reverse faults, with secondary apical graben, without close correspondence in nature. In setups B and C, a depression flanked by two uplifted areas is bordered by inward dipping normal faults propagating downward and, for deeper intrusions in setup B, also by inner faults, reverse at the surface; this deformation is similar to what is observed in nature, suggesting a consistent physical behavior. Dikes in nature initially propagate developing a mode I fracture at the tip, subsequently thickened by magma intrusion, without any host rock translation in the propagation direction (as in setup A). The deformation pattern in setups B and C depends on the intrusion depth and thickness, consistently to what is observed along divergent plate boundaries. The early deformation in setups B and C is similar to that from a single rifting episode (i.e., Lakagigar, Iceland, and Dabbahu, Afar), whereas the late stages resemble the structure of mature rifts (i.e., Krafla, Iceland), confirming diking as a major process in shaping divergent plate boundaries. |
author2 |
Trippanera, D. Ruch, J. Acocella, V. Rivalta, E. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Trippanera, D. Ruch, J. Acocella, V. Rivalta, E. |
author_facet |
Trippanera, D. Ruch, J. Acocella, V. Rivalta, E. |
author_sort |
Trippanera, D. |
title |
Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
title_short |
Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
title_full |
Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
title_fullStr |
Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
title_full_unstemmed |
Experiments of dike-induced deformation: Insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
title_sort |
experiments of dike-induced deformation: insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11585/775947 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011850 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014JB011850 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-16.747,-16.747,65.713,65.713) |
geographic |
Krafla |
geographic_facet |
Krafla |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000366842400013 volume:120 issue:10 firstpage:6913 lastpage:6942 numberofpages:30 journal:JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/240583 http://hdl.handle.net/11585/775947 doi:10.1002/2014JB011850 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-84957725219 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014JB011850 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011850 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
container_volume |
120 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
6913 |
op_container_end_page |
6942 |
_version_ |
1790601943714889728 |