Nutritional behavior while ski-mountaineering: An analysis from the Swiss Alps

The aim of this study was to analyze nutritional habits of well-trained alpinists during a standard ski mountaineering tour. Therefore a sample of eighteen male ski mountaineers (25 ± 5.8 years, 73.2 ± 6.1 kg, 180.2 ± 6.8 cm) were questioned after absolving a typical ski mountaineering tour e.g. Fin...

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Published in:Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Main Author: Gasser, Benedikt Andreas
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Universidad de Alicante 2019
Subjects:
sport nutritionals
Alps
Nutrition
Ski mountaineering
Fluid intake
L'Aiguille
Arctic
Online Access:https://www.jhse.ua.es/article/view/2019-v14-n2-nutritional-behavior-ski-mountaineering-swiss-alps
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.142.15
id ftunialicanteojs:oai:oai.revistes.ua.es:article/13018
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Scientific Journals - University of Alicante
op_collection_id ftunialicanteojs
language English
topic sport nutritionals
Alps
Nutrition
Ski mountaineering
Fluid intake
spellingShingle sport nutritionals
Alps
Nutrition
Ski mountaineering
Fluid intake
Gasser, Benedikt Andreas
Nutritional behavior while ski-mountaineering: An analysis from the Swiss Alps
topic_facet sport nutritionals
Alps
Nutrition
Ski mountaineering
Fluid intake
description The aim of this study was to analyze nutritional habits of well-trained alpinists during a standard ski mountaineering tour. Therefore a sample of eighteen male ski mountaineers (25 ± 5.8 years, 73.2 ± 6.1 kg, 180.2 ± 6.8 cm) were questioned after absolving a typical ski mountaineering tour e.g. Finsterarhorn 4274 meter (Cantone Bern); Gross Ruchen 3183 meter (Cantone Glarus); L'aiguille de la Tsa 3668 meter (Cantone Wallis). It was detected, that nutritional habits differed widely. From bread to meat and chocolate a broad range of nutritionals were consumed. Interestingly, despite the physiological demands special sports nutrition such as gels or special sport bars were not widely used. Lots of alpinists also consumed fruits or dried fruits such as apples or dried apricots. Interestingly, only one person paid special attention to salt intake. Fluid intake seemed with an average of 1.39 ± 0.68 liter per tour relatively low. This was probably also due to the aim of reducing backpack weight allowing to faster reach the peak while increasing security. Due to the low fluid intake Alpinists are encouraged to be well hydrated when starting and to drink sufficiently after finishing tours, especially when tours of several days are absolved a fast rehydration improves recovering and reduces risks of accidents in further tours in the following days.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Gasser, Benedikt Andreas
author_facet Gasser, Benedikt Andreas
author_sort Gasser, Benedikt Andreas
title Nutritional behavior while ski-mountaineering: An analysis from the Swiss Alps
title_short Nutritional behavior while ski-mountaineering: An analysis from the Swiss Alps
title_full Nutritional behavior while ski-mountaineering: An analysis from the Swiss Alps
title_fullStr Nutritional behavior while ski-mountaineering: An analysis from the Swiss Alps
title_full_unstemmed Nutritional behavior while ski-mountaineering: An analysis from the Swiss Alps
title_sort nutritional behavior while ski-mountaineering: an analysis from the swiss alps
publisher Universidad de Alicante
publishDate 2019
url https://www.jhse.ua.es/article/view/2019-v14-n2-nutritional-behavior-ski-mountaineering-swiss-alps
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.142.15
long_lat ENVELOPE(70.150,70.150,-49.567,-49.567)
geographic L'Aiguille
geographic_facet L'Aiguille
genre Arctic
genre_facet Arctic
op_source Journal of Human Sport and Exercise; Vol. 14, Núm. 2; 436-442
1988-5202
op_relation https://www.jhse.ua.es/article/view/2019-v14-n2-nutritional-behavior-ski-mountaineering-swiss-alps/remote
https://www.jhse.ua.es/article/downloadSuppFile/2019-v14-n2-nutritional-behavior-ski-mountaineering-swiss-alps/4524
BASPO. J+S-Handbuch Lagersport/Trekking. Bundesamt für Sport, Magglingen. 2013.
Bigard AX, Lavier P, Ullmann L, Legrand H, Douce P, Guezennec CY. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation during repeated prolonged skiing exercises at altitude. Int J Sport Nutr. 1996 Sep;6(3):295-306. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.6.3.295
Bortz, J. Statistik für Human- und Sozialwissenschaftler (6. Aufl.) Berlin: Springer.2005.
Burtscher M, Brandstätter E, Pühringer R. Energie- und Flüssigkeitsbedarf während eines hochalpinen Skitourenlaufes. Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2008; 33: (2) 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-986307
Burtscher M, Bachmann O, Hatzl T, Hotter B, Likar R, Philadelphy M, Nachbauer W. Cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses in healthy elderly humans during a 1-week hiking programme at high altitude. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001; 84: 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210100393
Crabtree DR, Blannin AK. Effects of exercise in the cold on Ghrelin, PYY, and food intake in overweight adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Jan;47(1):49-57. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000391
Cassirame J, Tordi N, Fabre N, Duc S, Durand F, Mourot L. Heart rate variability to assess ventilatory threshold in ski-mountaineering. Eur J Sport Sci. 2014 Sep 17:1-8.
Duc S, Cassirame J, Durand F. Physiology of ski mountaineering racing. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32: (11) 856–863. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1279721
Diaz E, Ruiz F, Hoyos I, Zubero J, Gravina L, Gil J, Irazusta J, Gil SM. Cell damage, antioxidant status, and cortisol levels related to nutrition in ski mountaineering during a two-day race. J Sports Sci Med. 2010 Jun 1;9(2):338-46.
Faiss R, von Orelli C, Dériaz O, Millet GP. Responses to Exercise in Normobaric Hypoxia: Comparison Between Elite and Recreational Ski-Mountaineers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 Mar 19. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0524
Fernández-Castro J. The perception of causes of accidents in mountain sports: a study based on the experiences of victims. Accid Anal Prev. 2009 Jan;41(1):197-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.10.012
Frykman PN, Harman EA, Opstad PK, Hoyt RW, DeLany JP, Friedl KE. Effects of a 3-month endurance event on physical performance and body composition: the G2 trans-Greenland expedition. Wilderness Environ Med. 2003 Winter;14(4):240-8. https://doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(2003)14[240:EOAMEE]2.0.CO;2
Gutiérrez Martín M, Romero Colás S, Calvo Martínez de Laguna T, Fernández Garcés F, Vicente González J. Hematologic repercussions of physical exercise in the mountains. Sangre (Barc). 1989 Aug;34(4):267-70.
Hoppeler H., Howald H., Conley K., Lindstedt S.L., Claassen H., Vock P., Weibel E.R. (1985) Endurance training in humans: Aerobic capacity and structure of skeletal muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 59: 320–327. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.2.320
Hoffmann T.K. "An apple a day keeps the doctor away" DNA-Protektion durch Polyphenole. HNO. August 2008, Volume 56, Issue 8, pp 750–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-008-1780-4
Johnson BD, Sackett JR, Sarker S, Schlader ZJ. Face cooling increases blood pressure during central hypovolemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2017 Nov 1;313(5):R594-R600. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00253.2017
Kopac P, Rudin M, Gentinetta T, Gerber R, Pichler Ch, Hausmann O, Schnyder B, Pichler WJ. Continuous apple consumption induces oral tolerance in birch-pollen-associated apple allergy. Allergy. 2012 Feb;67(2):280-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02744.x
Knechtle, B. & Bircher, S. (2006). Limitierende Faktoren der Fettverbrennung. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für «Sportmedizin und Sporttraumatologie» 54 (2), 51–56, 2006.
Martin JH, Crotty S, Warren P, Nelson PN. Does an apple a day keep the doctor away because a phytoestrogen a day keeps the virus at bay? A review of the anti-viral properties of phytoestrogens. Phytochemistry. 2007 Feb;68(3):266-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.11.018
Meyer NL, Manore MM, Helle C. Nutrition for winter sports. J Sports Sci. 2011;29 Suppl 1:S127-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.574721
Mourot L, Fabre N, Savoldelli A, Schena F. Second ventilatory threshold from heart-rate variability: valid when the upper body is involved? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 Jul;9(4):695-701. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0286
Munter, W. (2017). Drei mal drei Reduktionsmethode. Risikomanagement im Wintersport. Tappeiner Verlag. Bozen Italien (6. Aufl.).
Pfeiffer B, Stellingwerff T, Hodgson AB, Randell R, Pöttgen K, Res P, Jeukendrup AE. Nutritional intake and gastrointestinal problems during competitive endurance events.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012 Feb;44(2):344-51. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822dc809
Praz C, Léger B, Kayser B. Energy expenditure of extreme competitive mountaineering skiing. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114: (10) 2201–2211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2939-1
Praz C, Granges M, Burtin C et al. Nutritional behavior and beliefs of skimountaineers: a semi-quantitative and qualitative study.JInt SocSports Nutr 2015; 12: 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0108-5
Popper, K.R. (1969). Logik der Forschung. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
Rintamäki H, Mäkinen T, Oksa J, Latvala J. Water balance and physical performance in cold. Arctic Med Res. 1995;54 Suppl 2:32-6.
Schenk K, Faulhaber M, Gatterer H, Burtscher M, Ferrari M. Ski mountaineering competition: fit for it? Clin J Sport Med. 2011 Mar;21(2):114-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e31820f903e
Steffny H. (2010) Optimales Lauftraining. München: Südwestverlag.
Steffny H. (2008) Das grosse Laufbuch. München: Südwestverlag.
Stier, W. (1996) Empirische Forschungsmethoden. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97688-9
Taber MJ, Hartley GL, McGarr GW, Zaharieva D, Basset FA, Hynes Z, Haman F, Pinet BM, DuCharme MB, Cheung SS. Cognitive Performance during a 24-Hour Cold Exposure Survival Simulation. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:8130731. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8130731
Tharion WJ, Lieberman HR, Montain SJ, Young AJ, Baker-Fulco CJ, Delany JP, Hoyt RW. Energy requirements of military personnel. Appetite. 2005 Feb;44(1):47-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2003.11.010
Tosi P, Leonardi A, Zerbini L et al. Energy cost and efficiency of ski mountaineering.Alaboratorystudy.JSportsMedPhysFitness2010;50: (4) 400–406.
Vogt M, Däpp C, Blatter J, Weisskopf R, Suter G, et al. (2003) Training zur Optimierung der Dosierung exzentrischer Muskelaktivität. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für «Sportmedizin und Sporttraumatologie 51:188-191.
Williamson E. Nutritional implications for ultra-endurance walking and running events. Extrem Physiol Med. 2016 Nov 21;5:13. eCollection 2016.
Winkler K., Brehm, H.P., Haltmeier J. (2008): Bergsport Winter. (2. überarbeitete Auflage). Bern: SAC-Verlag.
Zhao S, Bomser, J, Elizabeth L. Joseph EL , Di Silvestro RA. Intakes of apples or apple polyphenols decease plasma values for oxidized low-density lipoprotein/beta2-glycoprotein I complex. Journal of Functional Foods, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2012.08.010
Zintl F. (1997). Ausdauertraining: Grundlagen, Methoden, Trainingssteuerung. (4. Aufl.). Wien; Zürich: BLV.
https://www.jhse.ua.es/article/view/2019-v14-n2-nutritional-behavior-ski-mountaineering-swiss-alps
doi:10.14198/jhse.2019.142.15
op_rights Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
op_rightsnorm CC-BY-NC-ND
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https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000391
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1279721
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spelling ftunialicanteojs:oai:oai.revistes.ua.es:article/13018 2023-05-15T14:28:26+02:00 Nutritional behavior while ski-mountaineering: An analysis from the Swiss Alps Gasser, Benedikt Andreas 2019-05-29 https://www.jhse.ua.es/article/view/2019-v14-n2-nutritional-behavior-ski-mountaineering-swiss-alps https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.142.15 eng eng Universidad de Alicante https://www.jhse.ua.es/article/view/2019-v14-n2-nutritional-behavior-ski-mountaineering-swiss-alps/remote https://www.jhse.ua.es/article/downloadSuppFile/2019-v14-n2-nutritional-behavior-ski-mountaineering-swiss-alps/4524 BASPO. J+S-Handbuch Lagersport/Trekking. Bundesamt für Sport, Magglingen. 2013. Bigard AX, Lavier P, Ullmann L, Legrand H, Douce P, Guezennec CY. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation during repeated prolonged skiing exercises at altitude. Int J Sport Nutr. 1996 Sep;6(3):295-306. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.6.3.295 Bortz, J. Statistik für Human- und Sozialwissenschaftler (6. Aufl.) Berlin: Springer.2005. Burtscher M, Brandstätter E, Pühringer R. Energie- und Flüssigkeitsbedarf während eines hochalpinen Skitourenlaufes. Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2008; 33: (2) 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-986307 Burtscher M, Bachmann O, Hatzl T, Hotter B, Likar R, Philadelphy M, Nachbauer W. Cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses in healthy elderly humans during a 1-week hiking programme at high altitude. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001; 84: 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210100393 Crabtree DR, Blannin AK. Effects of exercise in the cold on Ghrelin, PYY, and food intake in overweight adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Jan;47(1):49-57. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000391 Cassirame J, Tordi N, Fabre N, Duc S, Durand F, Mourot L. Heart rate variability to assess ventilatory threshold in ski-mountaineering. Eur J Sport Sci. 2014 Sep 17:1-8. Duc S, Cassirame J, Durand F. Physiology of ski mountaineering racing. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32: (11) 856–863. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1279721 Diaz E, Ruiz F, Hoyos I, Zubero J, Gravina L, Gil J, Irazusta J, Gil SM. Cell damage, antioxidant status, and cortisol levels related to nutrition in ski mountaineering during a two-day race. J Sports Sci Med. 2010 Jun 1;9(2):338-46. Faiss R, von Orelli C, Dériaz O, Millet GP. Responses to Exercise in Normobaric Hypoxia: Comparison Between Elite and Recreational Ski-Mountaineers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 Mar 19. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0524 Fernández-Castro J. The perception of causes of accidents in mountain sports: a study based on the experiences of victims. Accid Anal Prev. 2009 Jan;41(1):197-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.10.012 Frykman PN, Harman EA, Opstad PK, Hoyt RW, DeLany JP, Friedl KE. Effects of a 3-month endurance event on physical performance and body composition: the G2 trans-Greenland expedition. Wilderness Environ Med. 2003 Winter;14(4):240-8. https://doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(2003)14[240:EOAMEE]2.0.CO;2 Gutiérrez Martín M, Romero Colás S, Calvo Martínez de Laguna T, Fernández Garcés F, Vicente González J. Hematologic repercussions of physical exercise in the mountains. Sangre (Barc). 1989 Aug;34(4):267-70. Hoppeler H., Howald H., Conley K., Lindstedt S.L., Claassen H., Vock P., Weibel E.R. (1985) Endurance training in humans: Aerobic capacity and structure of skeletal muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 59: 320–327. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.2.320 Hoffmann T.K. "An apple a day keeps the doctor away" DNA-Protektion durch Polyphenole. HNO. August 2008, Volume 56, Issue 8, pp 750–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-008-1780-4 Johnson BD, Sackett JR, Sarker S, Schlader ZJ. Face cooling increases blood pressure during central hypovolemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2017 Nov 1;313(5):R594-R600. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00253.2017 Kopac P, Rudin M, Gentinetta T, Gerber R, Pichler Ch, Hausmann O, Schnyder B, Pichler WJ. Continuous apple consumption induces oral tolerance in birch-pollen-associated apple allergy. Allergy. 2012 Feb;67(2):280-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02744.x Knechtle, B. & Bircher, S. (2006). Limitierende Faktoren der Fettverbrennung. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für «Sportmedizin und Sporttraumatologie» 54 (2), 51–56, 2006. Martin JH, Crotty S, Warren P, Nelson PN. Does an apple a day keep the doctor away because a phytoestrogen a day keeps the virus at bay? A review of the anti-viral properties of phytoestrogens. Phytochemistry. 2007 Feb;68(3):266-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.11.018 Meyer NL, Manore MM, Helle C. Nutrition for winter sports. J Sports Sci. 2011;29 Suppl 1:S127-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.574721 Mourot L, Fabre N, Savoldelli A, Schena F. Second ventilatory threshold from heart-rate variability: valid when the upper body is involved? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 Jul;9(4):695-701. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0286 Munter, W. (2017). Drei mal drei Reduktionsmethode. Risikomanagement im Wintersport. Tappeiner Verlag. Bozen Italien (6. Aufl.). Pfeiffer B, Stellingwerff T, Hodgson AB, Randell R, Pöttgen K, Res P, Jeukendrup AE. Nutritional intake and gastrointestinal problems during competitive endurance events.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012 Feb;44(2):344-51. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822dc809 Praz C, Léger B, Kayser B. Energy expenditure of extreme competitive mountaineering skiing. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114: (10) 2201–2211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2939-1 Praz C, Granges M, Burtin C et al. Nutritional behavior and beliefs of skimountaineers: a semi-quantitative and qualitative study.JInt SocSports Nutr 2015; 12: 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0108-5 Popper, K.R. (1969). Logik der Forschung. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Rintamäki H, Mäkinen T, Oksa J, Latvala J. Water balance and physical performance in cold. Arctic Med Res. 1995;54 Suppl 2:32-6. Schenk K, Faulhaber M, Gatterer H, Burtscher M, Ferrari M. Ski mountaineering competition: fit for it? Clin J Sport Med. 2011 Mar;21(2):114-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e31820f903e Steffny H. (2010) Optimales Lauftraining. München: Südwestverlag. Steffny H. (2008) Das grosse Laufbuch. München: Südwestverlag. Stier, W. (1996) Empirische Forschungsmethoden. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97688-9 Taber MJ, Hartley GL, McGarr GW, Zaharieva D, Basset FA, Hynes Z, Haman F, Pinet BM, DuCharme MB, Cheung SS. Cognitive Performance during a 24-Hour Cold Exposure Survival Simulation. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:8130731. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8130731 Tharion WJ, Lieberman HR, Montain SJ, Young AJ, Baker-Fulco CJ, Delany JP, Hoyt RW. Energy requirements of military personnel. Appetite. 2005 Feb;44(1):47-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2003.11.010 Tosi P, Leonardi A, Zerbini L et al. Energy cost and efficiency of ski mountaineering.Alaboratorystudy.JSportsMedPhysFitness2010;50: (4) 400–406. Vogt M, Däpp C, Blatter J, Weisskopf R, Suter G, et al. (2003) Training zur Optimierung der Dosierung exzentrischer Muskelaktivität. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für «Sportmedizin und Sporttraumatologie 51:188-191. Williamson E. Nutritional implications for ultra-endurance walking and running events. Extrem Physiol Med. 2016 Nov 21;5:13. eCollection 2016. Winkler K., Brehm, H.P., Haltmeier J. (2008): Bergsport Winter. (2. überarbeitete Auflage). Bern: SAC-Verlag. Zhao S, Bomser, J, Elizabeth L. Joseph EL , Di Silvestro RA. Intakes of apples or apple polyphenols decease plasma values for oxidized low-density lipoprotein/beta2-glycoprotein I complex. Journal of Functional Foods, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2012.08.010 Zintl F. (1997). Ausdauertraining: Grundlagen, Methoden, Trainingssteuerung. (4. Aufl.). Wien; Zürich: BLV. https://www.jhse.ua.es/article/view/2019-v14-n2-nutritional-behavior-ski-mountaineering-swiss-alps doi:10.14198/jhse.2019.142.15 Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 CC-BY-NC-ND Journal of Human Sport and Exercise; Vol. 14, Núm. 2; 436-442 1988-5202 sport nutritionals Alps Nutrition Ski mountaineering Fluid intake info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2019 ftunialicanteojs https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.142.15 https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.6.3.295 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-986307 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210100393 https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000391 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1279721 http 2022-08-26T12:31:25Z The aim of this study was to analyze nutritional habits of well-trained alpinists during a standard ski mountaineering tour. Therefore a sample of eighteen male ski mountaineers (25 ± 5.8 years, 73.2 ± 6.1 kg, 180.2 ± 6.8 cm) were questioned after absolving a typical ski mountaineering tour e.g. Finsterarhorn 4274 meter (Cantone Bern); Gross Ruchen 3183 meter (Cantone Glarus); L'aiguille de la Tsa 3668 meter (Cantone Wallis). It was detected, that nutritional habits differed widely. From bread to meat and chocolate a broad range of nutritionals were consumed. Interestingly, despite the physiological demands special sports nutrition such as gels or special sport bars were not widely used. Lots of alpinists also consumed fruits or dried fruits such as apples or dried apricots. Interestingly, only one person paid special attention to salt intake. Fluid intake seemed with an average of 1.39 ± 0.68 liter per tour relatively low. This was probably also due to the aim of reducing backpack weight allowing to faster reach the peak while increasing security. Due to the low fluid intake Alpinists are encouraged to be well hydrated when starting and to drink sufficiently after finishing tours, especially when tours of several days are absolved a fast rehydration improves recovering and reduces risks of accidents in further tours in the following days. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Scientific Journals - University of Alicante L'Aiguille ENVELOPE(70.150,70.150,-49.567,-49.567) Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 70 6 879 888

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