Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation
At the last glacial maximum, vast ice sheets covered many continental areas. The beds of some shallow seas were exposed thereby connecting previously separated landmasses. Although some areas were ice-free and supported a flora and fauna, mean annual temperatures were 10-13°C colder than during the...
Published in: | AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment |
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Online Access: | https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/e522f4b6-b188-4648-8dd2-c47173024c38 https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=8844238413&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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ftuniaarhuspubl:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/e522f4b6-b188-4648-8dd2-c47173024c38 2024-02-04T09:56:44+01:00 Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation Callaghan, Terry V. Björn, Lars Olof Chernov, Yuri Chapin, Terry Christensen, Torben R. Huntley, Brian Ims, Rolf A. Johansson, Margareta Jolly, Dyanna Jonasson, Sven Matveyeva, Nadya Panikov, Nicolai Oechel, Walter Shaver, Gus Zöckler, Christoph 2004-01-01 https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/e522f4b6-b188-4648-8dd2-c47173024c38 https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=8844238413&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/e522f4b6-b188-4648-8dd2-c47173024c38 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Callaghan , T V , Björn , L O , Chernov , Y , Chapin , T , Christensen , T R , Huntley , B , Ims , R A , Johansson , M , Jolly , D , Jonasson , S , Matveyeva , N , Panikov , N , Oechel , W , Shaver , G & Zöckler , C 2004 , ' Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation ' , Ambio , vol. 33 , no. 7 , pp. 398-403 . https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 article 2004 ftuniaarhuspubl https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 2024-01-11T00:00:36Z At the last glacial maximum, vast ice sheets covered many continental areas. The beds of some shallow seas were exposed thereby connecting previously separated landmasses. Although some areas were ice-free and supported a flora and fauna, mean annual temperatures were 10-13°C colder than during the Holocene. Within a few millennia of the glacial maximum, deglaciation started, characterized by a series of climatic fluctuations between about 18 000 and 11 400 years ago. Following the general thermal maximum in the Holocene, there has been a modest overall cooling trend, superimposed upon which have been a series of millennial and centennial fluctuations in climate such as the "Little Ice Age spanning approximately the late 13 th to early 19 th centuries. Throughout the climatic fluctuations of the last 150 000 years, Arctic ecosystems and biota have been close to their minimum extent within the most recent 10 000 years. They suffered loss of diversity as a result of extinctions during the most recent large-magnitude rapid global warming at the end of the last glacial stage. Consequently, Arctic ecosystems and biota such as large vertebrates are already under pressure and are particularly vulnerable to current and projected future global warming. Evidence from the past indicates that the treeline will very probably advance, perhaps rapidly, into tundra areas, as it did during the early Holocene, reducing the extent of tundra and increasing the risk of species extinction. Species will very probably extend their ranges northwards, displacing Arctic species as in the past. However, unlike the early Holocene, when lower relative sea level allowed a belt of tundra to persist around at least some parts of the Arctic basin when treelines advanced to the present coast, sea level is very likely to rise in future, further restricting the area of tundra and other treeless Arctic ecosystems. The negative response of current Arctic ecosystems to global climatic conditions that are apparently without precedent during the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Basin Arctic Global warming Tundra Aarhus University: Research Arctic AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 33 7 398 403 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Aarhus University: Research |
op_collection_id |
ftuniaarhuspubl |
language |
English |
description |
At the last glacial maximum, vast ice sheets covered many continental areas. The beds of some shallow seas were exposed thereby connecting previously separated landmasses. Although some areas were ice-free and supported a flora and fauna, mean annual temperatures were 10-13°C colder than during the Holocene. Within a few millennia of the glacial maximum, deglaciation started, characterized by a series of climatic fluctuations between about 18 000 and 11 400 years ago. Following the general thermal maximum in the Holocene, there has been a modest overall cooling trend, superimposed upon which have been a series of millennial and centennial fluctuations in climate such as the "Little Ice Age spanning approximately the late 13 th to early 19 th centuries. Throughout the climatic fluctuations of the last 150 000 years, Arctic ecosystems and biota have been close to their minimum extent within the most recent 10 000 years. They suffered loss of diversity as a result of extinctions during the most recent large-magnitude rapid global warming at the end of the last glacial stage. Consequently, Arctic ecosystems and biota such as large vertebrates are already under pressure and are particularly vulnerable to current and projected future global warming. Evidence from the past indicates that the treeline will very probably advance, perhaps rapidly, into tundra areas, as it did during the early Holocene, reducing the extent of tundra and increasing the risk of species extinction. Species will very probably extend their ranges northwards, displacing Arctic species as in the past. However, unlike the early Holocene, when lower relative sea level allowed a belt of tundra to persist around at least some parts of the Arctic basin when treelines advanced to the present coast, sea level is very likely to rise in future, further restricting the area of tundra and other treeless Arctic ecosystems. The negative response of current Arctic ecosystems to global climatic conditions that are apparently without precedent during the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Callaghan, Terry V. Björn, Lars Olof Chernov, Yuri Chapin, Terry Christensen, Torben R. Huntley, Brian Ims, Rolf A. Johansson, Margareta Jolly, Dyanna Jonasson, Sven Matveyeva, Nadya Panikov, Nicolai Oechel, Walter Shaver, Gus Zöckler, Christoph |
spellingShingle |
Callaghan, Terry V. Björn, Lars Olof Chernov, Yuri Chapin, Terry Christensen, Torben R. Huntley, Brian Ims, Rolf A. Johansson, Margareta Jolly, Dyanna Jonasson, Sven Matveyeva, Nadya Panikov, Nicolai Oechel, Walter Shaver, Gus Zöckler, Christoph Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation |
author_facet |
Callaghan, Terry V. Björn, Lars Olof Chernov, Yuri Chapin, Terry Christensen, Torben R. Huntley, Brian Ims, Rolf A. Johansson, Margareta Jolly, Dyanna Jonasson, Sven Matveyeva, Nadya Panikov, Nicolai Oechel, Walter Shaver, Gus Zöckler, Christoph |
author_sort |
Callaghan, Terry V. |
title |
Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation |
title_short |
Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation |
title_full |
Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation |
title_fullStr |
Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation |
title_sort |
past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and uv radiation |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/e522f4b6-b188-4648-8dd2-c47173024c38 https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=8844238413&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Basin Arctic Global warming Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Basin Arctic Global warming Tundra |
op_source |
Callaghan , T V , Björn , L O , Chernov , Y , Chapin , T , Christensen , T R , Huntley , B , Ims , R A , Johansson , M , Jolly , D , Jonasson , S , Matveyeva , N , Panikov , N , Oechel , W , Shaver , G & Zöckler , C 2004 , ' Past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and UV radiation ' , Ambio , vol. 33 , no. 7 , pp. 398-403 . https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 |
op_relation |
https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/e522f4b6-b188-4648-8dd2-c47173024c38 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 |
container_title |
AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment |
container_volume |
33 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
398 |
op_container_end_page |
403 |
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1789961117783556096 |