Effects of Polar Bear and Killer Whale Derived Contaminant Cocktails on Marine Mammal Immunity
Most controlled toxicity studies use single chemical exposures that do not represent the real world situation of complex mixtures of known and unknown natural and anthropogenic substances. In the present study, complex contaminant cocktails derived from the blubber of polar bears (PB; Ursus maritimu...
Published in: | Environmental Science & Technology |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
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2017
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Online Access: | https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/ddb6f31d-0853-496d-a19b-7b8999e29d7d https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03532 |
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ftuniaarhuspubl:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/ddb6f31d-0853-496d-a19b-7b8999e29d7d 2024-01-21T10:05:43+01:00 Effects of Polar Bear and Killer Whale Derived Contaminant Cocktails on Marine Mammal Immunity Desforges, Jean-Pierre Levin, Milton Jasperse, Lindsay De Guise, Sylvain Eulaers, Igor Letcher, Robert J. Acquarone, Mario Nordoy, Erling Folkow, Lars P. Jensen, Trine Hammer Grondahl, Carsten Bertelsen, Mads F. Leger, Judy St. Almunia, Javier Sonne, Christian Dietz, Rune 2017-10-03 https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/ddb6f31d-0853-496d-a19b-7b8999e29d7d https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03532 eng eng https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/ddb6f31d-0853-496d-a19b-7b8999e29d7d info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Desforges , J-P , Levin , M , Jasperse , L , De Guise , S , Eulaers , I , Letcher , R J , Acquarone , M , Nordoy , E , Folkow , L P , Jensen , T H , Grondahl , C , Bertelsen , M F , Leger , J S , Almunia , J , Sonne , C & Dietz , R 2017 , ' Effects of Polar Bear and Killer Whale Derived Contaminant Cocktails on Marine Mammal Immunity ' , Environmental Science & Technology (Washington) , vol. 51 , no. 19 , pp. 11431-11439 . https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03532 DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS IN-VITRO EXPOSURE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL EXPOSURE GENE TRANSCRIPT PROFILES SEAL PHOCA-GROENLANDICA GREENLAND RINGED SEALS ORCINUS-ORCA DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS URSUS-MARITIMUS RISK-ASSESSMENT article 2017 ftuniaarhuspubl https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03532 2023-12-27T23:59:10Z Most controlled toxicity studies use single chemical exposures that do not represent the real world situation of complex mixtures of known and unknown natural and anthropogenic substances. In the present study, complex contaminant cocktails derived from the blubber of polar bears (PB; Ursus maritimus) and killer whales (KW; Orcinus orca) were used for in vitro concentration-response experiments with PB, cetacean and seal spp. immune cells to evaluate the effect of realistic contaminant mixtures on various immune functions. Cytotoxic effects of the PB cocktail occurred at lower concentrations than the KW cocktail (1 vs 16 mu g/mL), likely due to differences in contaminant profiles in the mixtures derived from the adipose of each species. Similarly, significant reduction of lymphocyte proliferation occurred at much lower exposures in the PB cocktail (EC50: 0.94 vs 6.06 mu g/mL; P <0.01), whereas the KW cocktail caused a much faster decline in proliferation (slope: 2.9 vs 1.7; P = 0.04). Only the KW cocktail modulated natural killer (NK) cell activity and neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis in a concentration- and species-dependent manner. No clear sensitivity differences emerged when comparing cetaceans, seals and PB. Our results showing lower effect levels for complex mixtures relative to single compounds suggest that previous risk assessments underestimate the effects of real world contaminant exposure on immunity. Our results using blubber-derived contaminant cocktails add realism to in vitro exposure experiments and confirm the immunotoxic risk marine mammals face from exposure to complex mixtures of environmental contaminants. Article in Journal/Newspaper Delphinapterus leucas Greenland Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Phoca groenlandica Ursus maritimus Killer whale Aarhus University: Research Greenland Environmental Science & Technology 51 19 11431 11439 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Aarhus University: Research |
op_collection_id |
ftuniaarhuspubl |
language |
English |
topic |
DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS IN-VITRO EXPOSURE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL EXPOSURE GENE TRANSCRIPT PROFILES SEAL PHOCA-GROENLANDICA GREENLAND RINGED SEALS ORCINUS-ORCA DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS URSUS-MARITIMUS RISK-ASSESSMENT |
spellingShingle |
DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS IN-VITRO EXPOSURE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL EXPOSURE GENE TRANSCRIPT PROFILES SEAL PHOCA-GROENLANDICA GREENLAND RINGED SEALS ORCINUS-ORCA DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS URSUS-MARITIMUS RISK-ASSESSMENT Desforges, Jean-Pierre Levin, Milton Jasperse, Lindsay De Guise, Sylvain Eulaers, Igor Letcher, Robert J. Acquarone, Mario Nordoy, Erling Folkow, Lars P. Jensen, Trine Hammer Grondahl, Carsten Bertelsen, Mads F. Leger, Judy St. Almunia, Javier Sonne, Christian Dietz, Rune Effects of Polar Bear and Killer Whale Derived Contaminant Cocktails on Marine Mammal Immunity |
topic_facet |
DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS IN-VITRO EXPOSURE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL EXPOSURE GENE TRANSCRIPT PROFILES SEAL PHOCA-GROENLANDICA GREENLAND RINGED SEALS ORCINUS-ORCA DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS URSUS-MARITIMUS RISK-ASSESSMENT |
description |
Most controlled toxicity studies use single chemical exposures that do not represent the real world situation of complex mixtures of known and unknown natural and anthropogenic substances. In the present study, complex contaminant cocktails derived from the blubber of polar bears (PB; Ursus maritimus) and killer whales (KW; Orcinus orca) were used for in vitro concentration-response experiments with PB, cetacean and seal spp. immune cells to evaluate the effect of realistic contaminant mixtures on various immune functions. Cytotoxic effects of the PB cocktail occurred at lower concentrations than the KW cocktail (1 vs 16 mu g/mL), likely due to differences in contaminant profiles in the mixtures derived from the adipose of each species. Similarly, significant reduction of lymphocyte proliferation occurred at much lower exposures in the PB cocktail (EC50: 0.94 vs 6.06 mu g/mL; P <0.01), whereas the KW cocktail caused a much faster decline in proliferation (slope: 2.9 vs 1.7; P = 0.04). Only the KW cocktail modulated natural killer (NK) cell activity and neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis in a concentration- and species-dependent manner. No clear sensitivity differences emerged when comparing cetaceans, seals and PB. Our results showing lower effect levels for complex mixtures relative to single compounds suggest that previous risk assessments underestimate the effects of real world contaminant exposure on immunity. Our results using blubber-derived contaminant cocktails add realism to in vitro exposure experiments and confirm the immunotoxic risk marine mammals face from exposure to complex mixtures of environmental contaminants. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Desforges, Jean-Pierre Levin, Milton Jasperse, Lindsay De Guise, Sylvain Eulaers, Igor Letcher, Robert J. Acquarone, Mario Nordoy, Erling Folkow, Lars P. Jensen, Trine Hammer Grondahl, Carsten Bertelsen, Mads F. Leger, Judy St. Almunia, Javier Sonne, Christian Dietz, Rune |
author_facet |
Desforges, Jean-Pierre Levin, Milton Jasperse, Lindsay De Guise, Sylvain Eulaers, Igor Letcher, Robert J. Acquarone, Mario Nordoy, Erling Folkow, Lars P. Jensen, Trine Hammer Grondahl, Carsten Bertelsen, Mads F. Leger, Judy St. Almunia, Javier Sonne, Christian Dietz, Rune |
author_sort |
Desforges, Jean-Pierre |
title |
Effects of Polar Bear and Killer Whale Derived Contaminant Cocktails on Marine Mammal Immunity |
title_short |
Effects of Polar Bear and Killer Whale Derived Contaminant Cocktails on Marine Mammal Immunity |
title_full |
Effects of Polar Bear and Killer Whale Derived Contaminant Cocktails on Marine Mammal Immunity |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Polar Bear and Killer Whale Derived Contaminant Cocktails on Marine Mammal Immunity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Polar Bear and Killer Whale Derived Contaminant Cocktails on Marine Mammal Immunity |
title_sort |
effects of polar bear and killer whale derived contaminant cocktails on marine mammal immunity |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/ddb6f31d-0853-496d-a19b-7b8999e29d7d https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03532 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Delphinapterus leucas Greenland Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Phoca groenlandica Ursus maritimus Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Delphinapterus leucas Greenland Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Phoca groenlandica Ursus maritimus Killer whale |
op_source |
Desforges , J-P , Levin , M , Jasperse , L , De Guise , S , Eulaers , I , Letcher , R J , Acquarone , M , Nordoy , E , Folkow , L P , Jensen , T H , Grondahl , C , Bertelsen , M F , Leger , J S , Almunia , J , Sonne , C & Dietz , R 2017 , ' Effects of Polar Bear and Killer Whale Derived Contaminant Cocktails on Marine Mammal Immunity ' , Environmental Science & Technology (Washington) , vol. 51 , no. 19 , pp. 11431-11439 . https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03532 |
op_relation |
https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/ddb6f31d-0853-496d-a19b-7b8999e29d7d |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03532 |
container_title |
Environmental Science & Technology |
container_volume |
51 |
container_issue |
19 |
container_start_page |
11431 |
op_container_end_page |
11439 |
_version_ |
1788696174599864320 |