Borealization of Arctic zooplankton—smaller and less fat zooplankton species in Disko Bay, Western Greenland

In a warmer Arctic with less sea ice and stronger stratification, the environmental changes are expected to impact the pelagic food web, but few biological studies supporting this exist compared with the well-documented physical changes. Here, we analyze a subset of 13 yr of data from Disko Bay, Wes...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Limnology and Oceanography
Main Authors: Møller, Eva Friis, Nielsen, Torkel Gissel
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2020
Subjects:
COPEPOD CALANUS-GLACIALIS
CYCLE
EGG-PRODUCTION
FINMARCHICUS
FISH
LIFE
PLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
POLAR COD
POPULATION DEVELOPMENT
SIZE
Arctic
Greenland
Calanus finmarchicus
Calanus glacialis
Calanus hyperboreus
Disko Bay
North Atlantic
polar cod
Sea ice
Zooplankton
Online Access:https://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/borealization-of-arctic-zooplanktonsmaller-and-less-fat-zooplankton-species-in-disko-bay-western-greenland(cf1635fb-6419-43de-8992-aa3a618e400f).html
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11380
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075229792&partnerID=8YFLogxK
Description
Summary:In a warmer Arctic with less sea ice and stronger stratification, the environmental changes are expected to impact the pelagic food web, but few biological studies supporting this exist compared with the well-documented physical changes. Here, we analyze a subset of 13 yr of data from Disko Bay, Western Greenland, from the period 1992 to 2018 for trends in the key zooplankton genus Calanus during May and June in relation to physical conditions. In the 1990s, the small North Atlantic species Calanus finmarchicus and the two larger Arctic species Calanus hyperboreus and Calanus glacialis contributed equally to the copepod biomass. With the reduction in sea ice cover, however, the Arctic species have declined, and currently C. finmarchicus dominates the biomass. Because of the species shift, the Calanus community is now dominated by smaller individuals and the lipid content of Calanus females during spring and summer has decreased by 34%. Moreover, during the last decade the annual variation in population size has been prominent, Calanus virtually being absent in some years. Because of the central role of Calanus in the Arctic food web, the changes will likely impact higher trophic levels, including fish, sea birds, and marine mammals.

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