The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma:A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe
The early life environment appears to have a persistent impact on asthma risk. We hypothesize that environmental factors related to rural life mediate lower asthma prevalence in rural populations, and aimed to investigate an urban-rural gradient, assessed by place of upbringing, for asthma. The popu...
Published in: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
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Online Access: | https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/b02752ae-45d9-4e67-ace0-9ba240ddbbe2 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093 |
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ftuniaarhuspubl:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/b02752ae-45d9-4e67-ace0-9ba240ddbbe2 2024-02-04T10:01:32+01:00 The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma:A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe Timm, Signe Frydenberg, Morten Janson, Christer Campbell, Brittany Forsberg, Bertil Gislason, Thorarinn Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi 2016 https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/b02752ae-45d9-4e67-ace0-9ba240ddbbe2 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093 eng eng https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/b02752ae-45d9-4e67-ace0-9ba240ddbbe2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Timm , S , Frydenberg , M , Janson , C , Campbell , B , Forsberg , B , Gislason , T , Holm , M , Jogi , R , Omenaas , E , Sigsgaard , T , Svanes , C & Schlünssen , V 2016 , ' The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma : A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe ' , International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , vol. 13 , no. 1 , 93 . https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093 RHINE asthma early life environment farming hygiene hypothesis microbial exposure urban-rural gradient article 2016 ftuniaarhuspubl https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093 2024-01-10T23:59:46Z The early life environment appears to have a persistent impact on asthma risk. We hypothesize that environmental factors related to rural life mediate lower asthma prevalence in rural populations, and aimed to investigate an urban-rural gradient, assessed by place of upbringing, for asthma. The population-based Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Estonia born 1945–1973. The present analysis encompasses questionnaire data on 11,123 RHINE subjects. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb and inner city. The association of place of upbringing with asthma onset was analysed with Cox regression adjusted for relevant confounders. Subjects growing up on livestock farms had less asthma (8%) than subjects growing up in inner cities (11%) (hazard ratio 0.72 95% CI 0.57–0.91), and a significant urban-rural gradient was observed across six urbanisation levels (p = 0.02). An urban-rural gradient was only evident among women, smokers and for late-onset asthma. Analyses on wheeze and place of upbringing revealed similar results. In conclusion, this study suggests a protective effect of livestock farm upbringing on asthma development and an urban-rural gradient in a Northern European population. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Aarhus University: Research Norway International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13 1 93 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Aarhus University: Research |
op_collection_id |
ftuniaarhuspubl |
language |
English |
topic |
RHINE asthma early life environment farming hygiene hypothesis microbial exposure urban-rural gradient |
spellingShingle |
RHINE asthma early life environment farming hygiene hypothesis microbial exposure urban-rural gradient Timm, Signe Frydenberg, Morten Janson, Christer Campbell, Brittany Forsberg, Bertil Gislason, Thorarinn Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma:A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe |
topic_facet |
RHINE asthma early life environment farming hygiene hypothesis microbial exposure urban-rural gradient |
description |
The early life environment appears to have a persistent impact on asthma risk. We hypothesize that environmental factors related to rural life mediate lower asthma prevalence in rural populations, and aimed to investigate an urban-rural gradient, assessed by place of upbringing, for asthma. The population-based Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Estonia born 1945–1973. The present analysis encompasses questionnaire data on 11,123 RHINE subjects. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb and inner city. The association of place of upbringing with asthma onset was analysed with Cox regression adjusted for relevant confounders. Subjects growing up on livestock farms had less asthma (8%) than subjects growing up in inner cities (11%) (hazard ratio 0.72 95% CI 0.57–0.91), and a significant urban-rural gradient was observed across six urbanisation levels (p = 0.02). An urban-rural gradient was only evident among women, smokers and for late-onset asthma. Analyses on wheeze and place of upbringing revealed similar results. In conclusion, this study suggests a protective effect of livestock farm upbringing on asthma development and an urban-rural gradient in a Northern European population. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Timm, Signe Frydenberg, Morten Janson, Christer Campbell, Brittany Forsberg, Bertil Gislason, Thorarinn Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi |
author_facet |
Timm, Signe Frydenberg, Morten Janson, Christer Campbell, Brittany Forsberg, Bertil Gislason, Thorarinn Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi |
author_sort |
Timm, Signe |
title |
The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma:A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe |
title_short |
The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma:A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe |
title_full |
The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma:A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe |
title_fullStr |
The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma:A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma:A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe |
title_sort |
urban-rural gradient in asthma:a population-based study in northern europe |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/b02752ae-45d9-4e67-ace0-9ba240ddbbe2 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Timm , S , Frydenberg , M , Janson , C , Campbell , B , Forsberg , B , Gislason , T , Holm , M , Jogi , R , Omenaas , E , Sigsgaard , T , Svanes , C & Schlünssen , V 2016 , ' The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma : A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe ' , International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , vol. 13 , no. 1 , 93 . https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093 |
op_relation |
https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/b02752ae-45d9-4e67-ace0-9ba240ddbbe2 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010093 |
container_title |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
93 |
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1789967509820014592 |