Vertical Mixing in Stratified Fjords Near Tidewater Outlet Glaciers Along Northwest Greenland
Vertical mixing of upper water masses in Arctic fjords is important for circulation and transport of nutrients and heat. However, the distribution of turbulent mixing is poorly known. Here we present hydrographic and microscale turbulence measurements from six fjords in Northwestern (69°N–75°N) Gree...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2021
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Online Access: | https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/114dc601-2298-4d5d-ae80-a3a3f97e38bd https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016898 https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/283324025/JGR_Oceans_2021_Bendtsen_Vertical_Mixing_in_Stratified_Fjords_Near_Tidewater_Outlet_Glaciers_Along_Northwest.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85113621775&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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ftuniaarhuspubl:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/114dc601-2298-4d5d-ae80-a3a3f97e38bd 2024-04-28T08:10:49+00:00 Vertical Mixing in Stratified Fjords Near Tidewater Outlet Glaciers Along Northwest Greenland Bendtsen, Jørgen Rysgaard, Søren Carlson, Daniel F. Meire, Lorenz Sejr, Mikael K. 2021-08 application/pdf https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/114dc601-2298-4d5d-ae80-a3a3f97e38bd https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016898 https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/283324025/JGR_Oceans_2021_Bendtsen_Vertical_Mixing_in_Stratified_Fjords_Near_Tidewater_Outlet_Glaciers_Along_Northwest.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85113621775&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/114dc601-2298-4d5d-ae80-a3a3f97e38bd info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Bendtsen , J , Rysgaard , S , Carlson , D F , Meire , L & Sejr , M K 2021 , ' Vertical Mixing in Stratified Fjords Near Tidewater Outlet Glaciers Along Northwest Greenland ' , Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , vol. 126 , no. 8 , e2020JC016898 . https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016898 fjord Greenland subglacial discharge tidewater outlet glacier turbulence vertical mixing article 2021 ftuniaarhuspubl https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016898 2024-04-10T23:46:40Z Vertical mixing of upper water masses in Arctic fjords is important for circulation and transport of nutrients and heat. However, the distribution of turbulent mixing is poorly known. Here we present hydrographic and microscale turbulence measurements from six fjords in Northwestern (69°N–75°N) Greenland. Water mass distributions showed the presence of warm bottom water of Atlantic origin in all fjord transects and a significant modification of upper water masses in fjords with tidewater outlet glaciers. Spatial and temporal distribution of turbulence in the fjords showed, in general, low rates of turbulent kinetic energy, ε (∼10 −9 W kg −1 ), and strong stratification implies that vertical exchange in the upper ∼200 m was relatively weak. However, measurements within 2 km of the terminus of a tidewater outlet glacier showed values of ε and inferred turbulent diffusion coefficients >10 −4 m 2 s −1 that were about two orders of magnitude larger than elsewhere in the deep fjords. This elevated mixing corresponded to comparatively large heat and salt fluxes. These observations suggest that vertical mixing near tidewater outlet glaciers results in localized mixing hot spots, likely due to subglacial discharge and near-glacial current shear, that contribute significantly to vertical exchange in the deep fjords. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic glacier Greenland Tidewater Aarhus University: Research Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 126 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Aarhus University: Research |
op_collection_id |
ftuniaarhuspubl |
language |
English |
topic |
fjord Greenland subglacial discharge tidewater outlet glacier turbulence vertical mixing |
spellingShingle |
fjord Greenland subglacial discharge tidewater outlet glacier turbulence vertical mixing Bendtsen, Jørgen Rysgaard, Søren Carlson, Daniel F. Meire, Lorenz Sejr, Mikael K. Vertical Mixing in Stratified Fjords Near Tidewater Outlet Glaciers Along Northwest Greenland |
topic_facet |
fjord Greenland subglacial discharge tidewater outlet glacier turbulence vertical mixing |
description |
Vertical mixing of upper water masses in Arctic fjords is important for circulation and transport of nutrients and heat. However, the distribution of turbulent mixing is poorly known. Here we present hydrographic and microscale turbulence measurements from six fjords in Northwestern (69°N–75°N) Greenland. Water mass distributions showed the presence of warm bottom water of Atlantic origin in all fjord transects and a significant modification of upper water masses in fjords with tidewater outlet glaciers. Spatial and temporal distribution of turbulence in the fjords showed, in general, low rates of turbulent kinetic energy, ε (∼10 −9 W kg −1 ), and strong stratification implies that vertical exchange in the upper ∼200 m was relatively weak. However, measurements within 2 km of the terminus of a tidewater outlet glacier showed values of ε and inferred turbulent diffusion coefficients >10 −4 m 2 s −1 that were about two orders of magnitude larger than elsewhere in the deep fjords. This elevated mixing corresponded to comparatively large heat and salt fluxes. These observations suggest that vertical mixing near tidewater outlet glaciers results in localized mixing hot spots, likely due to subglacial discharge and near-glacial current shear, that contribute significantly to vertical exchange in the deep fjords. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bendtsen, Jørgen Rysgaard, Søren Carlson, Daniel F. Meire, Lorenz Sejr, Mikael K. |
author_facet |
Bendtsen, Jørgen Rysgaard, Søren Carlson, Daniel F. Meire, Lorenz Sejr, Mikael K. |
author_sort |
Bendtsen, Jørgen |
title |
Vertical Mixing in Stratified Fjords Near Tidewater Outlet Glaciers Along Northwest Greenland |
title_short |
Vertical Mixing in Stratified Fjords Near Tidewater Outlet Glaciers Along Northwest Greenland |
title_full |
Vertical Mixing in Stratified Fjords Near Tidewater Outlet Glaciers Along Northwest Greenland |
title_fullStr |
Vertical Mixing in Stratified Fjords Near Tidewater Outlet Glaciers Along Northwest Greenland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Vertical Mixing in Stratified Fjords Near Tidewater Outlet Glaciers Along Northwest Greenland |
title_sort |
vertical mixing in stratified fjords near tidewater outlet glaciers along northwest greenland |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/114dc601-2298-4d5d-ae80-a3a3f97e38bd https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016898 https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/283324025/JGR_Oceans_2021_Bendtsen_Vertical_Mixing_in_Stratified_Fjords_Near_Tidewater_Outlet_Glaciers_Along_Northwest.pdf http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85113621775&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
genre |
Arctic glacier Greenland Tidewater |
genre_facet |
Arctic glacier Greenland Tidewater |
op_source |
Bendtsen , J , Rysgaard , S , Carlson , D F , Meire , L & Sejr , M K 2021 , ' Vertical Mixing in Stratified Fjords Near Tidewater Outlet Glaciers Along Northwest Greenland ' , Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans , vol. 126 , no. 8 , e2020JC016898 . https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016898 |
op_relation |
https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/114dc601-2298-4d5d-ae80-a3a3f97e38bd |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016898 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
126 |
container_issue |
8 |
_version_ |
1797578521472663552 |