The Profitability of Electricity, Oil, and Gas Utilities in America: An Analysis Focused on Colombia

Identifying the determining factors of utilities’ profitability is vital in making strategic deci- sions such as optimal resource allocation and business strategy orientation to increase the invested capital. We analyze information from private and public companies in the energy, gas, and oil sector...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:Geodynamics & Tectonophysics
Main Authors: Rosso Murillo, John William, Rodriguez Ramos, Yeny Esperanza
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada 2021
Subjects:
Online Access:http://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/rfce/article/view/4525
https://doi.org/10.18359/rfce.4525
id ftumilitngranada:oai:oai.revistas.unimilitar.edu.co:article/4525
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Universidad Militar Nueva Granada: Revistas UMNG
op_collection_id ftumilitngranada
language English
description Identifying the determining factors of utilities’ profitability is vital in making strategic deci- sions such as optimal resource allocation and business strategy orientation to increase the invested capital. We analyze information from private and public companies in the energy, gas, and oil sectors in Colombia and other American countries. We construct a panel data model from 2000 to 2010 and propose a method that identifies the determining factors of profitability for homogeneous groups of companies using cluster analysis. We use regression analysis to quantify those factors for each cluster. Fixed assets are essential determining factors of profitability; however, investment regulation may lead to significant losses in the realizable value of fixed assets and an increase in the companies’ capital costs. Debt and a munificent environment only affect medium-sized companies. We found some benefits for large companies derived from non-transparent institutional environments. Identificar los factores determinantes de la rentabilidad de los servicios públicos es vital para tomar de- cisiones estratégicas como la asignación óptima de recursos y la orientación de la estrategia empresarial para au- mentar el capital invertido. Analizamos la información de empresas privadas y públicas en los sectores de energía, gas y petróleo en Colombia y otros países del continente Americano. Construimos un modelo de datos de panel del 2000 al 2010 y sugerimos un método para identificar los factores determinantes de la rentabilidad en grupos homogéneos de empresas mediante el análisis de grupos. Utilizamos análisis de regresión para cuantificar esos factores en cada grupo. Los activos fijos son factores determinantes esenciales de la rentabilidad; sin embargo, la regulación de las inversiones puede provocar pérdidas significativas en el valor realizable de los activos fijos y un aumento en los costos de capital de las empresas. La deuda y un entorno munificente solo afectan a las medianas empresas. Encontramos algunos beneficios para las grandes empresas que se derivan de entornos institucionales no transparentes. Identificar os determinantes da rentabilidade dos serviços públicos é vital para a tomada de decisões estratégicas, como alocar recursos adequadamente e direcionar a estratégia de negócios para aumentar o capital investido. Analisamos as informações de empresas privadas e públicas dos setores de energia, gás e petróleo na Colômbia e em outros países do continente americano. Construímos um modelo de dados em painel de 2000 a 2010 e sugerimos um método para identificar os determinantes da rentabilidade em grupos homogêneos de empresas por meio de análise de grupos. Usamos análise de regressão para quantificar esses fatores em cada grupo. Os ati- vos fixos são determinantes essenciais da rentabilidade, porém, a regulação de investimentos pode causar perdas significativas no valor realizável dos ativos fixos e um aumento nos custos de capital das empresas. A dívida e um ambiente munificente afetam apenas as empresas de médio porte. Encontramos alguns benefícios para grandes empresas que se originam de ambientes institucionais não transparentes.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Rosso Murillo, John William
Rodriguez Ramos, Yeny Esperanza
spellingShingle Rosso Murillo, John William
Rodriguez Ramos, Yeny Esperanza
The Profitability of Electricity, Oil, and Gas Utilities in America: An Analysis Focused on Colombia
author_facet Rosso Murillo, John William
Rodriguez Ramos, Yeny Esperanza
author_sort Rosso Murillo, John William
title The Profitability of Electricity, Oil, and Gas Utilities in America: An Analysis Focused on Colombia
title_short The Profitability of Electricity, Oil, and Gas Utilities in America: An Analysis Focused on Colombia
title_full The Profitability of Electricity, Oil, and Gas Utilities in America: An Analysis Focused on Colombia
title_fullStr The Profitability of Electricity, Oil, and Gas Utilities in America: An Analysis Focused on Colombia
title_full_unstemmed The Profitability of Electricity, Oil, and Gas Utilities in America: An Analysis Focused on Colombia
title_sort profitability of electricity, oil, and gas utilities in america: an analysis focused on colombia
publisher Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
publishDate 2021
url http://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/rfce/article/view/4525
https://doi.org/10.18359/rfce.4525
genre Arctic
genre_facet Arctic
op_source Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Vol. 29 No. 1 (2021); 27-48
Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Vol. 29 Núm. 1 (2021); 27-48
Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; v. 29 n. 1 (2021); 27-48
1909-7719
0121-6805
op_relation http://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/rfce/article/view/4525/4654
http://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/rfce/article/view/4525/4710
Akhtar, S., Benish, J., Atiya, M., & Haleema, S. (2012). Relationship between Financial Leverage and Financial Performance: Evidence from Fuel & Energy Sector of Pakistan. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(11), 7-17.
Aldrich, H. (2008). Organizations and Environments. Stanford University Press.
Amat, O. (2001). Contabilidad y Finanzas. Deusto. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520354111
Bandyopadhyay, S. (1994). Market reaction to earnings announcements of successful efforts and full cost firms in the oil and gas industry. The Accounting Review, 69(4), 657-674.
Bastidas Méndez, C. (2007). ebitda, ¿es un indicador financiero contable de agregación de valor? capic Review, 5(4), 41-54.
Baum, R., & Wally, S. (2003). Strategic decision speed and firm performance. Strategic management journal, 24(7), 1107-1129. doi:10.1002/smj.343 https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.343
Bekaert, G., & Harvey, C. (2003). Emerging Markets Finance. Journal of Empirical Finance, 10(1), 3-55. doi:10.1016/S0927-5398(02)00054-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5398(02)00054-3
Bertsen, M., Skjong Bøe, K., Jordal, T., & Molnár, P. (2018). Determinants of oil and gas investments on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Energy, 148(1), 904-914. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.147
Bitner, L., & Dolan, R. (1996). Assessing the Relationship between Income Smoothing and the Value of the Firm. Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, 35(1), 16- 35.
Bortolotti, B., Cambini, C., & Rondi, L. (2011). Capital Structure and Regulation: Do Ownership and Regulatory Independence Matter? Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 20(2), 517-564. doi:10.1111/j.1530-9134.2011.00296.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2011.00296.x
Boyer, M., & Filion, D. (2007). Common and fundamental factors in stock returns of Canadian oil and gas companies. Energy Economics, 29(3), 428-453. doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2005.12.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2005.12.003
Bröker Bone, R. (2019). Determinants of corporate ratings in the oil industry: The Repsol-ypf case. read Revista Eletrônica de Administração, 16(1), 70-90.
Cabrales, S., Bautista, R., & Benavides, J. (2017). A model to assess the impact of employment policy and subsidized domestic fuel prices on national oil companies. Energy Economics, 68, 566-578. doi:10.1016/j.ene- co.2017.10.038 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2017.10.038
Cambini, C., & Rondi, L. (2012). Capital structure and investment in regulated network utilities: evidence from eu telecoms. Industrial and corporate change, 21(1), 73-94. doi:10.1093/icc/dtr035 https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtr035
Capece, G., Di Pillo, F., & Levialdi, N. (2013). The Performance Assessment of Energy Companies. apcbee Procedia, 5, 265-270. doi:10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.046 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.046
Comin, D., & Phillipon, T. (2006). The rise in firm-level volatility: Causes and consequences. In M. Geltler, & K. Rogof, nber Macroeconomics Annual 2005 (Vol. 20, pp. 167-228). mit Press. https://doi.org/10.1086/ma.20.3585419
Dayanandan, A., & Donker, H. (2011). Oil prices and accounting profits of oil and gas companies. International Review of Financial Analysis, 20(5), 252-257. doi:10.1016/j.irfa.2011.05.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2011.05.004
Delen, D., Kuzey, C., & Uyar, A. (2013, August). Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(10), 3970-3983. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2013.01.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.01.012
Dess, G. G., & Beard, D. W. (1984, March). Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(1), 52-73. doi:10.1016/j. eswa.2013.01.012 https://doi.org/10.2307/2393080
Eslava, J. D. (2010). Las claves del análisis económico-financiero de la empresa (2nd ed.). esic Editorial.
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2002, April). The Equity Premium. The Journal of Finance, 57(2), 637-659. doi:10.1111/1540-6261.00437 https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00437
Fan, J., Rui, O., & Zhao, M. (2008). Strategic decision speed and firm performance. Journal of Comparative Economics, 36, 343-364. doi:10.1002/smj.343 https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.343
Frank, M., & Goyal, V. (2009). Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors Are Reliably Important? Financial Management, 38(1), 1-37. doi:10.1111/j.1755- 053x.2009.01026.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053X.2009.01026.x
Gordon, M., & McCallum, J. (1972). Valuation and the cost of capital for regulated utilities: comment. The Journal of Finance, 27(5), 1141-1146. doi:10.1111/j.1540- 6261.1972.tb03031.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1972.tb03031.x
Guerrini, A., Romano, G., & Campedelli, B. (2011). Factors affecting the performance of water utility companies. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 24(6), 543-566. doi:10.1108/09513551111163657 https://doi.org/10.1108/09513551111163657
Hazarika, I. (2015). Performance analysis of top oil and gas companies worldwide with reference to oil prices. Journal of Energy and Economic Development, 1(1), 62- 78.
Hollas, D., & Stansell, S. (1994, April). The economic efficiency of public vs private gas distribution utilities. Annals of Public and Cooperative Econo- mics, 65(2), 281-300. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1994. tb01515.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.1994.tb01515.x
Irina, I., & Nadezhda, Z. (2009). The relationship between corporate governance and company performance in concentrated ownership systems: The case of Germany. Journal of Corporate Finance, 4(12), 34-59. doi:10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.3.4.2009.34-56 https://doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.3.4.2009.34-56
Jensen, M., & Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305- 360. doi:10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Jorde, T., Sidak, G., & Teece, D. (2000). Innovation, investment, and unbundling. Yale Journal on Regulation, 17(1), 1-37. doi:10.2139/ssrn.255236 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.255236
Junquera, B., del Brío, J. A., & Fernández, E. (2008). The client as co-manufacturer and environmental entrepreneur: a research agenda. The Service Industries Journal, 28(7), 1029-1040. doi:10.1080/02642060701846838 https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060701846838
Keil, K. (2017). The Arctic in a Global Energy Picture: International Determinants of Arctic Oil and Gas Development. In K. Keil, & S. Knecht, Governing Arctic Change. Global Perspectives (p. 319). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50884-3_14
King, C. W., & Hall, C. A. (2011, October). Relating Financial and Energy Return on Investment. Sustainability, 3(10), 1810-1832. doi:10.3390/su3101810 https://doi.org/10.3390/su3101810
Lee, J.-D., Park, S.-B., & Kim, T.-Y. (1999). Profit, productivity, and price differential: an international performance comparison of the natural gas transportation industry. Energy Policy, 27, 679-689. doi:10.1016/ s0301-4215(99)00025-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(99)00025-7
Leland, H., & Toft, K. (1996). Optimal Capital Structure, Endogenous Bankruptcy, and the Term Structure of Credit Spreads. The Journal of Finance, 51(3), 987-1019. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1996.tb02714.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1996.tb02714.x
Loudder, M., Khurana, I., & Boatsman, J. (1996). Market Valuation of Regulatory Assets in Public Utility Firms. 71(3), 357-373.
Manzano, O., & Monaldi, F. (2008). The Political Economy of Oil Production in Latin America. Economía, 9(1), 59-103. doi:10.1353/eco.0.0018 https://doi.org/10.1353/eco.0.0018
Masulis, R., & Trueman, B. (1988). Corporate Investment and Dividend Decisions under Differential Personal Taxation. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 23(4), 369-385. doi:10.2307/2331077 https://doi.org/10.2307/2331077
McConell, J. J., & Servaes, H. (1990, October). Additional evidence on equity ownership and corporate value. Journal of Financial Economics, 27(2), 595-612. doi:10.1016/0304-405x(90)90069-c https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(90)90069-C
Misund, B., & Osmundsen, P. (2015). The value-relevance of accounting figures in the oil and gas industry: cash flow or accruals? Petroleum Accounting and Financial Management Journal, 34(2), 90-110.
Modi, S. B., & Mishra, S. (2011, March). What drives financial performance-resource efficiency or resource slack?: Evidence from US Based Manufacturing Firms from 1991 to 2006. Journal of Operations Management, 29(3), 254-273. doi; 10.1016/j.jom.2011.01.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2011.01.002
Mohanty, S., & Nandha, M. (2011). Oil risk exposure: The case of the US oil and gas sector. The Financial Review, 46(1), 165-191. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6288.2010.00295.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.2010.00295.x
Murtagh, F., & Lagendre, P. (2014). Ward's hierarchical agglomerative clustering method: which algorithms implement Ward's criterion? Journal of Classification, 31, 274-295. doi:10.1007/s00357-014-9161-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-014-9161-z
Neder, Á. E., Valquez, C. S., & Ceballos, C. (2005). Determinants of profitability in the distribution of natural gas in Argentina.
Patterson, C. (1983). The Effects of Leverage on the Revenue Requirements of Public Utilities. Financial Management, 12(3), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3665514
Rajan, R., & Zingales, L. (1995). What Do We Know about Capital Structure? Some Evidence from International Data. The Journal of Finance, 50(5), 1421-1460. doi:10.2307/3665514 https://doi.org/10.2307/3665514
Restrepo, N., Uribe, J., & Manotas, D. (2018). Financial risk network architecture of energy firms. Applied Energy, 215, 630-642. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.060 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.060
Restrepo, N., Uribe, J., & Manotas, D. (2020). Dynamic capital structure under changing market conditions in the oil industry: An empirical investigation. Resources Policy, 69, 101808. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101808 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101808
op_rights Derechos de autor 2021 Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
op_rightsnorm CC-BY-NC-ND
op_doi https://doi.org/10.18359/rfce.4525
https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520354111
https://doi.org/10.2307/3665514
https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr
https://doi.org/10.5465/256677
https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845
container_title Geodynamics & Tectonophysics
container_volume 8
container_issue 4
container_start_page 881
op_container_end_page 901
_version_ 1766302509725384704
spelling ftumilitngranada:oai:oai.revistas.unimilitar.edu.co:article/4525 2023-05-15T14:28:20+02:00 The Profitability of Electricity, Oil, and Gas Utilities in America: An Analysis Focused on Colombia La rentabilidad de los servicios de electricidad, petróleo y gas en las Américas: Un análisis enfocado A rentabilidade dos serviços de eletricidade, petróleo e gás nas Américas: um enfoque analítico Rosso Murillo, John William Rodriguez Ramos, Yeny Esperanza 2021-03-30 text/xml application/pdf http://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/rfce/article/view/4525 https://doi.org/10.18359/rfce.4525 eng eng Universidad Militar Nueva Granada http://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/rfce/article/view/4525/4654 http://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/rfce/article/view/4525/4710 Akhtar, S., Benish, J., Atiya, M., & Haleema, S. (2012). Relationship between Financial Leverage and Financial Performance: Evidence from Fuel & Energy Sector of Pakistan. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(11), 7-17. Aldrich, H. (2008). Organizations and Environments. Stanford University Press. Amat, O. (2001). Contabilidad y Finanzas. Deusto. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520354111 Bandyopadhyay, S. (1994). Market reaction to earnings announcements of successful efforts and full cost firms in the oil and gas industry. The Accounting Review, 69(4), 657-674. Bastidas Méndez, C. (2007). ebitda, ¿es un indicador financiero contable de agregación de valor? capic Review, 5(4), 41-54. Baum, R., & Wally, S. (2003). Strategic decision speed and firm performance. Strategic management journal, 24(7), 1107-1129. doi:10.1002/smj.343 https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.343 Bekaert, G., & Harvey, C. (2003). Emerging Markets Finance. Journal of Empirical Finance, 10(1), 3-55. doi:10.1016/S0927-5398(02)00054-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5398(02)00054-3 Bertsen, M., Skjong Bøe, K., Jordal, T., & Molnár, P. (2018). Determinants of oil and gas investments on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Energy, 148(1), 904-914. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.147 Bitner, L., & Dolan, R. (1996). Assessing the Relationship between Income Smoothing and the Value of the Firm. Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, 35(1), 16- 35. Bortolotti, B., Cambini, C., & Rondi, L. (2011). Capital Structure and Regulation: Do Ownership and Regulatory Independence Matter? Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 20(2), 517-564. doi:10.1111/j.1530-9134.2011.00296.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2011.00296.x Boyer, M., & Filion, D. (2007). Common and fundamental factors in stock returns of Canadian oil and gas companies. Energy Economics, 29(3), 428-453. doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2005.12.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2005.12.003 Bröker Bone, R. (2019). Determinants of corporate ratings in the oil industry: The Repsol-ypf case. read Revista Eletrônica de Administração, 16(1), 70-90. Cabrales, S., Bautista, R., & Benavides, J. (2017). A model to assess the impact of employment policy and subsidized domestic fuel prices on national oil companies. Energy Economics, 68, 566-578. doi:10.1016/j.ene- co.2017.10.038 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2017.10.038 Cambini, C., & Rondi, L. (2012). Capital structure and investment in regulated network utilities: evidence from eu telecoms. Industrial and corporate change, 21(1), 73-94. doi:10.1093/icc/dtr035 https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtr035 Capece, G., Di Pillo, F., & Levialdi, N. (2013). The Performance Assessment of Energy Companies. apcbee Procedia, 5, 265-270. doi:10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.046 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.046 Comin, D., & Phillipon, T. (2006). The rise in firm-level volatility: Causes and consequences. In M. Geltler, & K. Rogof, nber Macroeconomics Annual 2005 (Vol. 20, pp. 167-228). mit Press. https://doi.org/10.1086/ma.20.3585419 Dayanandan, A., & Donker, H. (2011). Oil prices and accounting profits of oil and gas companies. International Review of Financial Analysis, 20(5), 252-257. doi:10.1016/j.irfa.2011.05.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2011.05.004 Delen, D., Kuzey, C., & Uyar, A. (2013, August). Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(10), 3970-3983. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2013.01.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.01.012 Dess, G. G., & Beard, D. W. (1984, March). Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(1), 52-73. doi:10.1016/j. eswa.2013.01.012 https://doi.org/10.2307/2393080 Eslava, J. D. (2010). Las claves del análisis económico-financiero de la empresa (2nd ed.). esic Editorial. Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2002, April). The Equity Premium. The Journal of Finance, 57(2), 637-659. doi:10.1111/1540-6261.00437 https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00437 Fan, J., Rui, O., & Zhao, M. (2008). Strategic decision speed and firm performance. Journal of Comparative Economics, 36, 343-364. doi:10.1002/smj.343 https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.343 Frank, M., & Goyal, V. (2009). Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors Are Reliably Important? Financial Management, 38(1), 1-37. doi:10.1111/j.1755- 053x.2009.01026.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053X.2009.01026.x Gordon, M., & McCallum, J. (1972). Valuation and the cost of capital for regulated utilities: comment. The Journal of Finance, 27(5), 1141-1146. doi:10.1111/j.1540- 6261.1972.tb03031.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1972.tb03031.x Guerrini, A., Romano, G., & Campedelli, B. (2011). Factors affecting the performance of water utility companies. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 24(6), 543-566. doi:10.1108/09513551111163657 https://doi.org/10.1108/09513551111163657 Hazarika, I. (2015). Performance analysis of top oil and gas companies worldwide with reference to oil prices. Journal of Energy and Economic Development, 1(1), 62- 78. Hollas, D., & Stansell, S. (1994, April). The economic efficiency of public vs private gas distribution utilities. Annals of Public and Cooperative Econo- mics, 65(2), 281-300. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1994. tb01515.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.1994.tb01515.x Irina, I., & Nadezhda, Z. (2009). The relationship between corporate governance and company performance in concentrated ownership systems: The case of Germany. Journal of Corporate Finance, 4(12), 34-59. doi:10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.3.4.2009.34-56 https://doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.3.4.2009.34-56 Jensen, M., & Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305- 360. doi:10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X Jorde, T., Sidak, G., & Teece, D. (2000). Innovation, investment, and unbundling. Yale Journal on Regulation, 17(1), 1-37. doi:10.2139/ssrn.255236 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.255236 Junquera, B., del Brío, J. A., & Fernández, E. (2008). The client as co-manufacturer and environmental entrepreneur: a research agenda. The Service Industries Journal, 28(7), 1029-1040. doi:10.1080/02642060701846838 https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060701846838 Keil, K. (2017). The Arctic in a Global Energy Picture: International Determinants of Arctic Oil and Gas Development. In K. Keil, & S. Knecht, Governing Arctic Change. Global Perspectives (p. 319). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50884-3_14 King, C. W., & Hall, C. A. (2011, October). Relating Financial and Energy Return on Investment. Sustainability, 3(10), 1810-1832. doi:10.3390/su3101810 https://doi.org/10.3390/su3101810 Lee, J.-D., Park, S.-B., & Kim, T.-Y. (1999). Profit, productivity, and price differential: an international performance comparison of the natural gas transportation industry. Energy Policy, 27, 679-689. doi:10.1016/ s0301-4215(99)00025-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(99)00025-7 Leland, H., & Toft, K. (1996). Optimal Capital Structure, Endogenous Bankruptcy, and the Term Structure of Credit Spreads. The Journal of Finance, 51(3), 987-1019. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1996.tb02714.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1996.tb02714.x Loudder, M., Khurana, I., & Boatsman, J. (1996). Market Valuation of Regulatory Assets in Public Utility Firms. 71(3), 357-373. Manzano, O., & Monaldi, F. (2008). The Political Economy of Oil Production in Latin America. Economía, 9(1), 59-103. doi:10.1353/eco.0.0018 https://doi.org/10.1353/eco.0.0018 Masulis, R., & Trueman, B. (1988). Corporate Investment and Dividend Decisions under Differential Personal Taxation. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 23(4), 369-385. doi:10.2307/2331077 https://doi.org/10.2307/2331077 McConell, J. J., & Servaes, H. (1990, October). Additional evidence on equity ownership and corporate value. Journal of Financial Economics, 27(2), 595-612. doi:10.1016/0304-405x(90)90069-c https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(90)90069-C Misund, B., & Osmundsen, P. (2015). The value-relevance of accounting figures in the oil and gas industry: cash flow or accruals? Petroleum Accounting and Financial Management Journal, 34(2), 90-110. Modi, S. B., & Mishra, S. (2011, March). What drives financial performance-resource efficiency or resource slack?: Evidence from US Based Manufacturing Firms from 1991 to 2006. Journal of Operations Management, 29(3), 254-273. doi; 10.1016/j.jom.2011.01.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2011.01.002 Mohanty, S., & Nandha, M. (2011). Oil risk exposure: The case of the US oil and gas sector. The Financial Review, 46(1), 165-191. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6288.2010.00295.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.2010.00295.x Murtagh, F., & Lagendre, P. (2014). Ward's hierarchical agglomerative clustering method: which algorithms implement Ward's criterion? Journal of Classification, 31, 274-295. doi:10.1007/s00357-014-9161-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-014-9161-z Neder, Á. E., Valquez, C. S., & Ceballos, C. (2005). Determinants of profitability in the distribution of natural gas in Argentina. Patterson, C. (1983). The Effects of Leverage on the Revenue Requirements of Public Utilities. Financial Management, 12(3), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3665514 Rajan, R., & Zingales, L. (1995). What Do We Know about Capital Structure? Some Evidence from International Data. The Journal of Finance, 50(5), 1421-1460. doi:10.2307/3665514 https://doi.org/10.2307/3665514 Restrepo, N., Uribe, J., & Manotas, D. (2018). Financial risk network architecture of energy firms. Applied Energy, 215, 630-642. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.060 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.060 Restrepo, N., Uribe, J., & Manotas, D. (2020). Dynamic capital structure under changing market conditions in the oil industry: An empirical investigation. Resources Policy, 69, 101808. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101808 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101808 Derechos de autor 2021 Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 CC-BY-NC-ND Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Vol. 29 No. 1 (2021); 27-48 Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Vol. 29 Núm. 1 (2021); 27-48 Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; v. 29 n. 1 (2021); 27-48 1909-7719 0121-6805 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2021 ftumilitngranada https://doi.org/10.18359/rfce.4525 https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520354111 https://doi.org/10.2307/3665514 https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr https://doi.org/10.5465/256677 https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845 2022-05-13T05:57:07Z Identifying the determining factors of utilities’ profitability is vital in making strategic deci- sions such as optimal resource allocation and business strategy orientation to increase the invested capital. We analyze information from private and public companies in the energy, gas, and oil sectors in Colombia and other American countries. We construct a panel data model from 2000 to 2010 and propose a method that identifies the determining factors of profitability for homogeneous groups of companies using cluster analysis. We use regression analysis to quantify those factors for each cluster. Fixed assets are essential determining factors of profitability; however, investment regulation may lead to significant losses in the realizable value of fixed assets and an increase in the companies’ capital costs. Debt and a munificent environment only affect medium-sized companies. We found some benefits for large companies derived from non-transparent institutional environments. Identificar los factores determinantes de la rentabilidad de los servicios públicos es vital para tomar de- cisiones estratégicas como la asignación óptima de recursos y la orientación de la estrategia empresarial para au- mentar el capital invertido. Analizamos la información de empresas privadas y públicas en los sectores de energía, gas y petróleo en Colombia y otros países del continente Americano. Construimos un modelo de datos de panel del 2000 al 2010 y sugerimos un método para identificar los factores determinantes de la rentabilidad en grupos homogéneos de empresas mediante el análisis de grupos. Utilizamos análisis de regresión para cuantificar esos factores en cada grupo. Los activos fijos son factores determinantes esenciales de la rentabilidad; sin embargo, la regulación de las inversiones puede provocar pérdidas significativas en el valor realizable de los activos fijos y un aumento en los costos de capital de las empresas. La deuda y un entorno munificente solo afectan a las medianas empresas. Encontramos algunos beneficios para las grandes empresas que se derivan de entornos institucionales no transparentes. Identificar os determinantes da rentabilidade dos serviços públicos é vital para a tomada de decisões estratégicas, como alocar recursos adequadamente e direcionar a estratégia de negócios para aumentar o capital investido. Analisamos as informações de empresas privadas e públicas dos setores de energia, gás e petróleo na Colômbia e em outros países do continente americano. Construímos um modelo de dados em painel de 2000 a 2010 e sugerimos um método para identificar os determinantes da rentabilidade em grupos homogêneos de empresas por meio de análise de grupos. Usamos análise de regressão para quantificar esses fatores em cada grupo. Os ati- vos fixos são determinantes essenciais da rentabilidade, porém, a regulação de investimentos pode causar perdas significativas no valor realizável dos ativos fixos e um aumento nos custos de capital das empresas. A dívida e um ambiente munificente afetam apenas as empresas de médio porte. Encontramos alguns benefícios para grandes empresas que se originam de ambientes institucionais não transparentes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Universidad Militar Nueva Granada: Revistas UMNG Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 8 4 881 901