A 15-year follow-up study of hip bone mineral density and associations with leisure time physical activity : the Tromsø Study 2001-2016

• Published in: PLOS ONE
• Main Authors: Mikkilä, Saija, Johansson, Jonas, Nordström, Anna, Nordström, Peter, Emaus, Nina, Handegård, Bjørn Helge, Morseth, Bente, Welde, Boye
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Umeå universitet, Avdelningen för hållbar hälsa 2022
• Subjects: Physiotherapy; Sjukgymnastik; Norway; Tromsø
• Online Access: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-192159; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262228

Aims: The aim was to investigate the long-term association between leisure time physical activity and hip areal bone mineral density (aBMD), in addition to change in hip aBMD over time, in 32-86 years old women and men. Methods: Data were retrieved from the 2001, 2007-2008, and 2015-2016 surveys of the Tromsø Study, a longitudinal population study in Norway. Leisure time physical activity was assessed by the four-level Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale which refers to physical exertion in the past twelve months. Hip aBMD was assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Linear Mixed Model analysis was used to examine long-term associations between physical activity and hip aBMD (n = 6324). In addition, the annual change in hip aBMD was analyzed in a subsample of 3199 participants. Results: Physical activity was significantly and positively associated with total hip aBMD in the overall cohort (p<0.005). Participants who reported vigorous activity had 28.20 mg/cm2 higher aBMD than those who were inactive (95% CI 14.71; 41.69, controlled for confounders), and even light physical activity was associated with higher aBMD than inactivity (8.32 mg/cm2, 95% CI 4.89; 11.76). Associations between physical activity and femoral neck aBMD yielded similar results. Hip aBMD decreased with age in both sexes, although more prominently in women. From 2001 to 2007-2008, aBMD changed by -5.76 mg/cm2 per year (95% CI - 6.08; -5.44) in women, and -2.31 mg/cm2 (95% CI -2.69; -1.93), in men. From 2007-2008 to 2015-2016, the change was -4.45 mg/cm2 per year (95% CI -4.84; -4.06) in women, and -1.45 mg/cm2 (95% CI -1.92; -0.98) in men. Conclusions: In this cohort of adult men and women, physical activity levels were positively associated with hip aBMD in a dose-response relationship. Hip aBMD decreased with age, although more pronounced in women than men. Copyright: