Carnivore Management Zones and their Impact on Sheep Farming in Norway
We investigated the impact of Norway's current zonal carnivore management system for four large carnivore species on sheep farming. Sheep losses increased when the large carnivores were reintroduced, but has declined again after the introduction of the zoning management system. The total number...
Published in: | Environmental Management |
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Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen
2019
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Online Access: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-164980 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01212-4 |
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ftumeauniv:oai:DiVA.org:umu-164980 2023-12-31T10:23:58+01:00 Carnivore Management Zones and their Impact on Sheep Farming in Norway Strand, Geir-Harald Hansen, Inger de Boon, Auvikki Sandström, Camilla 2019 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-164980 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01212-4 eng eng Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen Environmental Management, 0364-152X, 2019, 64:5, s. 537-552 orcid:0000-0002-7674-6197 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-164980 doi:10.1007/s00267-019-01212-4 PMID 31624855 ISI:000490832400001 Scopus 2-s2.0-85074596033 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Carnivores Livestock Predation Zoning Pasture Sheep Ecology Ekologi Article in journal info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 2019 ftumeauniv https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01212-4 2023-12-06T23:36:28Z We investigated the impact of Norway's current zonal carnivore management system for four large carnivore species on sheep farming. Sheep losses increased when the large carnivores were reintroduced, but has declined again after the introduction of the zoning management system. The total number of sheep increased outside, but declined slightly inside the management zones. The total sheep production increased, but sheep farming was still lost as a source of income for many farmers. The use of the grazing resources became more extensive. Losses decreased because sheep were removed from the open outfield pastures and many farmers gave up sheep farming. While wolves expel sheep farming from the outfield grazing areas, small herds can still be kept in fenced enclosures. Bears are in every respect incompatible with sheep farming. Farmers adjust to the seasonal and more predictable behavior of lynx and wolverine, although these species also may cause serious losses when present. The mitigating efforts are costly and lead to reduced animal welfare and lower income for the farmers, although farmers in peri-urban areas increasingly are keeping sheep as an avocation. There is a spillover effect of the zoning strategy in the sense that there is substantial loss of livestock to carnivores outside, but geographically near the management zones. The carnivore management policy used in Norway is a reasonably successful management strategy when the goal is to separate livestock from carnivores and decrease the losses, but the burdens are unequally distributed and farmers inside the management zones are at an economic disadvantage. Article in Journal/Newspaper wolverine Lynx Umeå University: Publications (DiVA) Environmental Management 64 5 537 552 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Umeå University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftumeauniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Carnivores Livestock Predation Zoning Pasture Sheep Ecology Ekologi |
spellingShingle |
Carnivores Livestock Predation Zoning Pasture Sheep Ecology Ekologi Strand, Geir-Harald Hansen, Inger de Boon, Auvikki Sandström, Camilla Carnivore Management Zones and their Impact on Sheep Farming in Norway |
topic_facet |
Carnivores Livestock Predation Zoning Pasture Sheep Ecology Ekologi |
description |
We investigated the impact of Norway's current zonal carnivore management system for four large carnivore species on sheep farming. Sheep losses increased when the large carnivores were reintroduced, but has declined again after the introduction of the zoning management system. The total number of sheep increased outside, but declined slightly inside the management zones. The total sheep production increased, but sheep farming was still lost as a source of income for many farmers. The use of the grazing resources became more extensive. Losses decreased because sheep were removed from the open outfield pastures and many farmers gave up sheep farming. While wolves expel sheep farming from the outfield grazing areas, small herds can still be kept in fenced enclosures. Bears are in every respect incompatible with sheep farming. Farmers adjust to the seasonal and more predictable behavior of lynx and wolverine, although these species also may cause serious losses when present. The mitigating efforts are costly and lead to reduced animal welfare and lower income for the farmers, although farmers in peri-urban areas increasingly are keeping sheep as an avocation. There is a spillover effect of the zoning strategy in the sense that there is substantial loss of livestock to carnivores outside, but geographically near the management zones. The carnivore management policy used in Norway is a reasonably successful management strategy when the goal is to separate livestock from carnivores and decrease the losses, but the burdens are unequally distributed and farmers inside the management zones are at an economic disadvantage. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Strand, Geir-Harald Hansen, Inger de Boon, Auvikki Sandström, Camilla |
author_facet |
Strand, Geir-Harald Hansen, Inger de Boon, Auvikki Sandström, Camilla |
author_sort |
Strand, Geir-Harald |
title |
Carnivore Management Zones and their Impact on Sheep Farming in Norway |
title_short |
Carnivore Management Zones and their Impact on Sheep Farming in Norway |
title_full |
Carnivore Management Zones and their Impact on Sheep Farming in Norway |
title_fullStr |
Carnivore Management Zones and their Impact on Sheep Farming in Norway |
title_full_unstemmed |
Carnivore Management Zones and their Impact on Sheep Farming in Norway |
title_sort |
carnivore management zones and their impact on sheep farming in norway |
publisher |
Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-164980 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01212-4 |
genre |
wolverine Lynx |
genre_facet |
wolverine Lynx |
op_relation |
Environmental Management, 0364-152X, 2019, 64:5, s. 537-552 orcid:0000-0002-7674-6197 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-164980 doi:10.1007/s00267-019-01212-4 PMID 31624855 ISI:000490832400001 Scopus 2-s2.0-85074596033 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01212-4 |
container_title |
Environmental Management |
container_volume |
64 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
537 |
op_container_end_page |
552 |
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1786835820774162432 |