A clear urban-rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe
BACKGROUND: The protective effect of farm upbringing on allergic rhinitis is well known, but how upbringing in other environments influences the development of allergic rhinitis is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between place of upbringing and pet kee...
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Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin
2016
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ftumeauniv:oai:DiVA.org:umu-128204 2023-10-09T21:52:50+02:00 A clear urban-rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe Christensen, Stine Holmegaard Timm, Signe Janson, Christer Benediktsdóttir, Bryndis Forsberg, Bertil Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Johannessen, Ane Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi 2016 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-128204 https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463 eng eng Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin European clinical respiratory journal, 2001-8525, 2016, 3, http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-128204 doi:10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463 PMID 27890047 ISI:000392701600001 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess allergic rhinitis microbial diversity microbial exposure nasal symptoms pets place of upbringing Occupational Health and Environmental Health Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin Article in journal info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 2016 ftumeauniv https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463 2023-09-22T13:50:06Z BACKGROUND: The protective effect of farm upbringing on allergic rhinitis is well known, but how upbringing in other environments influences the development of allergic rhinitis is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between place of upbringing and pet keeping in childhood and allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood. METHODS: The population-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Estonia born in 1945-1973. This paper analyses 13,376 participants of the third study wave. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb, and inner city. Pets in the home at birth and during childhood were recorded. Data were analysed using adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS: Livestock farm upbringing predicted less adult allergic rhinitis [odds ratio (OR) 0.68, 0.54-0.85] and nasal symptoms (OR 0.82, 0.68-0.99) than city upbringing, and an urban-rural gradient with decreasing risk per level of urbanisation was observed (OR 0.92, 0.88-0.94). Pets in the home at birth (OR 0.78, 0.68-0.88) and during childhood (OR 0.83, 0.74-0.93) were associated with less subsequent allergic rhinitis. Pet keeping did not explain the protective effect of place of upbringing. CONCLUSION: Risk of allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood was inversely associated with the level of urbanisation during upbringing. Pets at birth decreased the risk further, but did not explain the urban-rural gradient. Persistent beneficial effects of microbial diversity in early life might be an explanation for the findings. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Umeå University: Publications (DiVA) Norway European Clinical Respiratory Journal 3 1 33463 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Umeå University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftumeauniv |
language |
English |
topic |
allergic rhinitis microbial diversity microbial exposure nasal symptoms pets place of upbringing Occupational Health and Environmental Health Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin |
spellingShingle |
allergic rhinitis microbial diversity microbial exposure nasal symptoms pets place of upbringing Occupational Health and Environmental Health Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin Christensen, Stine Holmegaard Timm, Signe Janson, Christer Benediktsdóttir, Bryndis Forsberg, Bertil Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Johannessen, Ane Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi A clear urban-rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
topic_facet |
allergic rhinitis microbial diversity microbial exposure nasal symptoms pets place of upbringing Occupational Health and Environmental Health Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin |
description |
BACKGROUND: The protective effect of farm upbringing on allergic rhinitis is well known, but how upbringing in other environments influences the development of allergic rhinitis is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between place of upbringing and pet keeping in childhood and allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood. METHODS: The population-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Estonia born in 1945-1973. This paper analyses 13,376 participants of the third study wave. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb, and inner city. Pets in the home at birth and during childhood were recorded. Data were analysed using adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS: Livestock farm upbringing predicted less adult allergic rhinitis [odds ratio (OR) 0.68, 0.54-0.85] and nasal symptoms (OR 0.82, 0.68-0.99) than city upbringing, and an urban-rural gradient with decreasing risk per level of urbanisation was observed (OR 0.92, 0.88-0.94). Pets in the home at birth (OR 0.78, 0.68-0.88) and during childhood (OR 0.83, 0.74-0.93) were associated with less subsequent allergic rhinitis. Pet keeping did not explain the protective effect of place of upbringing. CONCLUSION: Risk of allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in adulthood was inversely associated with the level of urbanisation during upbringing. Pets at birth decreased the risk further, but did not explain the urban-rural gradient. Persistent beneficial effects of microbial diversity in early life might be an explanation for the findings. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Christensen, Stine Holmegaard Timm, Signe Janson, Christer Benediktsdóttir, Bryndis Forsberg, Bertil Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Johannessen, Ane Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi |
author_facet |
Christensen, Stine Holmegaard Timm, Signe Janson, Christer Benediktsdóttir, Bryndis Forsberg, Bertil Holm, Mathias Jogi, Rain Johannessen, Ane Omenaas, Ernst Sigsgaard, Torben Svanes, Cecilie Schlünssen, Vivi |
author_sort |
Christensen, Stine Holmegaard |
title |
A clear urban-rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_short |
A clear urban-rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_full |
A clear urban-rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_fullStr |
A clear urban-rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_full_unstemmed |
A clear urban-rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in Northern Europe |
title_sort |
clear urban-rural gradient of allergic rhinitis in a population-based study in northern europe |
publisher |
Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-128204 https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
European clinical respiratory journal, 2001-8525, 2016, 3, http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-128204 doi:10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463 PMID 27890047 ISI:000392701600001 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v3.33463 |
container_title |
European Clinical Respiratory Journal |
container_volume |
3 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
33463 |
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1779316029840687104 |