Nature, culture, rights : exploring space for indigenous agency in protected area discourses

• Main Author: Reimerson, Elsa
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen 2015
• Subjects: Protected areas; conservation; biological diversity; heritage; Indigenous peoples; Indigenous rights; Sami; discourse; postcolonial theory; participation; agency; Skyddade områden; naturvård; biologisk mångfald; världsarv; urfolk; urfolksrättigheter; samer; diskurs; postkolonial teori; deltagande; handlingsutrymme; Political Science; Statsvetenskap; sami
• Online Access: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-110737

There is considerable geographical overlap between areas set aside for nature conservation or protection and Indigenous peoples’ lands, and the social, economic, and political consequences of protected areas have often been extensive for Indigenous peoples. Discourses of conservation converge with discourses of Indigenous peoples, and both carry a legacy of colonial constructs and relationships. With these overlaps as a point of departure, the purpose of this thesis is to explore how the discourses that govern nature conservation and protected areas shape the conditions for Indigenous peoples’ influence and participation in the governance and management of protected areas on their lands. I pursue this aim by analyzing, and critically examining the consequences of, the construction of Indigenous subject positions and conditions for agency in discourses of nature conservation and protected areas. The empirical focus of the thesis lies with international discourses of protected areas and Indigenous peoples and on local and national discourses articulated in relation to two cases of protected areas in Sápmi. My analytical framework builds on postcolonial theory and discourse theory. I use space for agency as a concept to describe and analyze the effects of the discursive positionings and constructions that shape the ability or capacity of individuals or group to act or to be perceived as legitimate actors. My results show twomain articulations of Indigenous subject positions in protected area discourses, which enable and restrain the space for Indigenous agency in different ways. One articulation connects Indigenous peoples to conservation through the concept of traditional knowledge, thereby positioning Indigenous subjects mainly as holders of traditional knowledge and justifying Indigenous influence by its potential contribution to conservation objectives. The other articulation focuses on the rights pertaining to Indigenous peoples as peoples, including land rights and the right to selfdetermination. These ...