Adequate vitamin D levels in a Swedish population living above latitude 63°N : The 2009 Northern Sweden MONICA study
BACKGROUND: Even though vitamin D is mainly produced by exposure to sunlight, little is known regarding vitamin D levels in populations living in sub-Arctic areas with little or no daylight during winter. OBJECTIVE: We describe distributions of vitamin D3 and the prevalence of adequate levels in a p...
Published in: | International Journal of Circumpolar Health |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Umeå universitet, Geriatrik
2015
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103056 https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v74.27963 |
id |
ftumeauniv:oai:DiVA.org:umu-103056 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftumeauniv:oai:DiVA.org:umu-103056 2023-10-09T21:48:59+02:00 Adequate vitamin D levels in a Swedish population living above latitude 63°N : The 2009 Northern Sweden MONICA study Ramnemark, Anna Norberg, Margareta Pettersson-Kymmer, Ulrika Eliasson, Mats 2015 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103056 https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v74.27963 eng eng Umeå universitet, Geriatrik Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa Umeå universitet, Farmakologi Umeå universitet, Medicin Umeå universitet, Arktiskt centrum vid Umeå universitet (Arcum) International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 1239-9736, 2015, 74:1, orcid:0000-0003-2475-7131 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103056 doi:10.3402/ijch.v74.27963 PMID 28417824 ISI:000358042400001 Scopus 2-s2.0-84936876381 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess hydroxyvitamin D levels vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency/status population study observational (cohort) design age gender Public Health Global Health Social Medicine and Epidemiology Folkhälsovetenskap global hälsa socialmedicin och epidemiologi Article in journal info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 2015 ftumeauniv https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v74.27963 2023-09-22T13:58:57Z BACKGROUND: Even though vitamin D is mainly produced by exposure to sunlight, little is known regarding vitamin D levels in populations living in sub-Arctic areas with little or no daylight during winter. OBJECTIVE: We describe distributions of vitamin D3 and the prevalence of adequate levels in a population living above 63°N. DESIGN: We sampled 1,622 randomly selected subjects, aged 25-74 years, between January and May, 2009, as part of the Northern Sweden MONICA study (69.2% participation rate). By using HPLC, 25(OH) vitamin D3 was analysed. Levels used for definitions were deficient, D3<25 nmol/l (<10 ng/ml); insufficient, D3 25-49.9 nmol/l (10-20 ng/ml); and adequate, D3≥50 nmol/l (20 ng/ml). RESULTS: Mean (median) level of vitamin D3 was 65.2 (63.6) nmol/l in men and 71.0 (67.7) nmol/l in women. Adequate levels were found in 79.2%, more often in women (82.7%) than in men (75.6%). Only 0.7% of the population were vitamin D3-deficient but 23.1% of men and 17.1% of women had insufficient levels. Levels of vitamin D3 increased with age and insufficient status was most common among those aged 25-34 years, 41.0% in men and 22.3% in women. If subjects using vitamin D-supplementation are excluded, the population level of D3 is 1-2 nmol/l lower than in the general population across sex- and age groups. There were no differences between the northern or the southern parts, between urban or rural living or according to educational attainment. Those subjects born outside of Sweden or Finland had lower levels. CONCLUSION: The large majority living close to the Arctic Circle in Sweden have adequate D3 levels even during the second half of the dark winter. Subjects with D3 deficiency were uncommon but insufficient levels were often found among young men. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Circumpolar Health International Journal of Circumpolar Health Northern Sweden Umeå University: Publications (DiVA) Arctic International Journal of Circumpolar Health 74 1 27963 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Umeå University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftumeauniv |
language |
English |
topic |
hydroxyvitamin D levels vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency/status population study observational (cohort) design age gender Public Health Global Health Social Medicine and Epidemiology Folkhälsovetenskap global hälsa socialmedicin och epidemiologi |
spellingShingle |
hydroxyvitamin D levels vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency/status population study observational (cohort) design age gender Public Health Global Health Social Medicine and Epidemiology Folkhälsovetenskap global hälsa socialmedicin och epidemiologi Ramnemark, Anna Norberg, Margareta Pettersson-Kymmer, Ulrika Eliasson, Mats Adequate vitamin D levels in a Swedish population living above latitude 63°N : The 2009 Northern Sweden MONICA study |
topic_facet |
hydroxyvitamin D levels vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency/status population study observational (cohort) design age gender Public Health Global Health Social Medicine and Epidemiology Folkhälsovetenskap global hälsa socialmedicin och epidemiologi |
description |
BACKGROUND: Even though vitamin D is mainly produced by exposure to sunlight, little is known regarding vitamin D levels in populations living in sub-Arctic areas with little or no daylight during winter. OBJECTIVE: We describe distributions of vitamin D3 and the prevalence of adequate levels in a population living above 63°N. DESIGN: We sampled 1,622 randomly selected subjects, aged 25-74 years, between January and May, 2009, as part of the Northern Sweden MONICA study (69.2% participation rate). By using HPLC, 25(OH) vitamin D3 was analysed. Levels used for definitions were deficient, D3<25 nmol/l (<10 ng/ml); insufficient, D3 25-49.9 nmol/l (10-20 ng/ml); and adequate, D3≥50 nmol/l (20 ng/ml). RESULTS: Mean (median) level of vitamin D3 was 65.2 (63.6) nmol/l in men and 71.0 (67.7) nmol/l in women. Adequate levels were found in 79.2%, more often in women (82.7%) than in men (75.6%). Only 0.7% of the population were vitamin D3-deficient but 23.1% of men and 17.1% of women had insufficient levels. Levels of vitamin D3 increased with age and insufficient status was most common among those aged 25-34 years, 41.0% in men and 22.3% in women. If subjects using vitamin D-supplementation are excluded, the population level of D3 is 1-2 nmol/l lower than in the general population across sex- and age groups. There were no differences between the northern or the southern parts, between urban or rural living or according to educational attainment. Those subjects born outside of Sweden or Finland had lower levels. CONCLUSION: The large majority living close to the Arctic Circle in Sweden have adequate D3 levels even during the second half of the dark winter. Subjects with D3 deficiency were uncommon but insufficient levels were often found among young men. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ramnemark, Anna Norberg, Margareta Pettersson-Kymmer, Ulrika Eliasson, Mats |
author_facet |
Ramnemark, Anna Norberg, Margareta Pettersson-Kymmer, Ulrika Eliasson, Mats |
author_sort |
Ramnemark, Anna |
title |
Adequate vitamin D levels in a Swedish population living above latitude 63°N : The 2009 Northern Sweden MONICA study |
title_short |
Adequate vitamin D levels in a Swedish population living above latitude 63°N : The 2009 Northern Sweden MONICA study |
title_full |
Adequate vitamin D levels in a Swedish population living above latitude 63°N : The 2009 Northern Sweden MONICA study |
title_fullStr |
Adequate vitamin D levels in a Swedish population living above latitude 63°N : The 2009 Northern Sweden MONICA study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adequate vitamin D levels in a Swedish population living above latitude 63°N : The 2009 Northern Sweden MONICA study |
title_sort |
adequate vitamin d levels in a swedish population living above latitude 63°n : the 2009 northern sweden monica study |
publisher |
Umeå universitet, Geriatrik |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103056 https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v74.27963 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Circumpolar Health International Journal of Circumpolar Health Northern Sweden |
genre_facet |
Arctic Circumpolar Health International Journal of Circumpolar Health Northern Sweden |
op_relation |
International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 1239-9736, 2015, 74:1, orcid:0000-0003-2475-7131 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103056 doi:10.3402/ijch.v74.27963 PMID 28417824 ISI:000358042400001 Scopus 2-s2.0-84936876381 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v74.27963 |
container_title |
International Journal of Circumpolar Health |
container_volume |
74 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
27963 |
_version_ |
1779312031782928384 |