Hydrogen sulfide and traffic-related air pollutants in association with increased mortality : a case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland
OBJECTIVES: To study the association between daily mortality and short-term increases in air pollutants, both traffic-related and the geothermal source-specific hydrogen sulfide (H2S). DESIGN: Population-based, time stratified case-crossover. A lag time to 4 days was considered. Seasonal, gender and...
Published in: | BMJ Open |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin
2015
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101934 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007272 |
id |
ftumeauniv:oai:DiVA.org:umu-101934 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftumeauniv:oai:DiVA.org:umu-101934 2023-10-09T21:52:44+02:00 Hydrogen sulfide and traffic-related air pollutants in association with increased mortality : a case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland Finnbjornsdottir, Ragnhildur Gudrun Oudin, Anna Elvarsson, Bjarki Thor Gislason, Thorarinn Rafnsson, Vilhjalmur 2015 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101934 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007272 eng eng Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin BMJ Open, 2015, 5:4, http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101934 doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007272 PMID 25854971 ISI:000354705000076 Scopus 2-s2.0-84929378684 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Occupational Health and Environmental Health Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin Article in journal info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 2015 ftumeauniv https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007272 2023-09-22T14:01:01Z OBJECTIVES: To study the association between daily mortality and short-term increases in air pollutants, both traffic-related and the geothermal source-specific hydrogen sulfide (H2S). DESIGN: Population-based, time stratified case-crossover. A lag time to 4 days was considered. Seasonal, gender and age stratification were calculated. Also, the best-fit lag when introducing H2S >7 µg/m(3) was selected by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). SETTING: The population of the greater Reykjavik area (n=181 558) during 2003-2009. PARTICIPANTS: Cases were defined as individuals living in the Reykjavik capital area, 18 years or older (N=138 657), who died due to all natural causes (ICD-10 codes A00-R99) other than injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, or cardiovascular disease (ICD-10 codes I00-I99) during the study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Percentage increases in risk of death (IR%) following an interquartile range increase in pollutants. RESULTS: The total number of deaths due to all natural causes was 7679 and due to cardiovascular diseases was 3033. The interquartile range increased concentrations of H2S (2.6 µg/m(3)) were associated with daily all natural cause mortality in the Reykjavik capital area. The IR% was statistically significant during the summer season (lag 1: IR%=5.05, 95% CI 0.61 to 9.68; lag 2: IR%=5.09, 95% CI 0.44 to 9.97), among males (lag 0: IR%=2.26, 95% CI 0.23 to 4.44), and among the elderly (lag 0: IR%=1.94, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.04; lag 1: IR%=1.99, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.04), when adjusted for traffic-related pollutants and meteorological variables. The traffic-related pollutants were generally not associated with statistical significant IR%s. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that ambient H2S air pollution may increase mortality in Reykjavik, Iceland. To the best of our knowledge, ambient H2S exposure has not previously been associated with increased mortality in population-based studies and therefore the results should be interpreted with caution. Further ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Umeå University: Publications (DiVA) BMJ Open 5 4 e007272 e007272 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Umeå University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftumeauniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Occupational Health and Environmental Health Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin |
spellingShingle |
Occupational Health and Environmental Health Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin Finnbjornsdottir, Ragnhildur Gudrun Oudin, Anna Elvarsson, Bjarki Thor Gislason, Thorarinn Rafnsson, Vilhjalmur Hydrogen sulfide and traffic-related air pollutants in association with increased mortality : a case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland |
topic_facet |
Occupational Health and Environmental Health Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin |
description |
OBJECTIVES: To study the association between daily mortality and short-term increases in air pollutants, both traffic-related and the geothermal source-specific hydrogen sulfide (H2S). DESIGN: Population-based, time stratified case-crossover. A lag time to 4 days was considered. Seasonal, gender and age stratification were calculated. Also, the best-fit lag when introducing H2S >7 µg/m(3) was selected by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). SETTING: The population of the greater Reykjavik area (n=181 558) during 2003-2009. PARTICIPANTS: Cases were defined as individuals living in the Reykjavik capital area, 18 years or older (N=138 657), who died due to all natural causes (ICD-10 codes A00-R99) other than injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, or cardiovascular disease (ICD-10 codes I00-I99) during the study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Percentage increases in risk of death (IR%) following an interquartile range increase in pollutants. RESULTS: The total number of deaths due to all natural causes was 7679 and due to cardiovascular diseases was 3033. The interquartile range increased concentrations of H2S (2.6 µg/m(3)) were associated with daily all natural cause mortality in the Reykjavik capital area. The IR% was statistically significant during the summer season (lag 1: IR%=5.05, 95% CI 0.61 to 9.68; lag 2: IR%=5.09, 95% CI 0.44 to 9.97), among males (lag 0: IR%=2.26, 95% CI 0.23 to 4.44), and among the elderly (lag 0: IR%=1.94, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.04; lag 1: IR%=1.99, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.04), when adjusted for traffic-related pollutants and meteorological variables. The traffic-related pollutants were generally not associated with statistical significant IR%s. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that ambient H2S air pollution may increase mortality in Reykjavik, Iceland. To the best of our knowledge, ambient H2S exposure has not previously been associated with increased mortality in population-based studies and therefore the results should be interpreted with caution. Further ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Finnbjornsdottir, Ragnhildur Gudrun Oudin, Anna Elvarsson, Bjarki Thor Gislason, Thorarinn Rafnsson, Vilhjalmur |
author_facet |
Finnbjornsdottir, Ragnhildur Gudrun Oudin, Anna Elvarsson, Bjarki Thor Gislason, Thorarinn Rafnsson, Vilhjalmur |
author_sort |
Finnbjornsdottir, Ragnhildur Gudrun |
title |
Hydrogen sulfide and traffic-related air pollutants in association with increased mortality : a case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland |
title_short |
Hydrogen sulfide and traffic-related air pollutants in association with increased mortality : a case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland |
title_full |
Hydrogen sulfide and traffic-related air pollutants in association with increased mortality : a case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Hydrogen sulfide and traffic-related air pollutants in association with increased mortality : a case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hydrogen sulfide and traffic-related air pollutants in association with increased mortality : a case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland |
title_sort |
hydrogen sulfide and traffic-related air pollutants in association with increased mortality : a case-crossover study in reykjavik, iceland |
publisher |
Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101934 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007272 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
BMJ Open, 2015, 5:4, http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101934 doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007272 PMID 25854971 ISI:000354705000076 Scopus 2-s2.0-84929378684 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007272 |
container_title |
BMJ Open |
container_volume |
5 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
e007272 |
op_container_end_page |
e007272 |
_version_ |
1779315906659221504 |