A High-Resolution Reconstruction of Southern California Hydroclimate During the Holocene: Interannual Precipitation Variability Response to Climate Forcing

• Main Author: Du, Xiaojing
• Other Authors: Hendy, Ingrid L, Payne, Ashley Elizabeth, Cole, Julia, Huang, Xianglei, Levin, Naomi, Poulsen, Christopher James
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2020
• Subjects: Southern California; Interannual precipitation variability; ENSO; Extreme events; Santa Barbara Basin; Holocene; Geology and Earth Sciences; Science; Pacific; aleutian low
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155051

Southern California has a Mediterranean climate characterized by wet winters and dry summers. With both significant seasonal precipitation variability and unusually large interannual variance relative to the rest of the US, Southern California presents a huge challenge to water resource management as state water demands continue to grow. In this dissertation, I use multiple lines of evidence, including precipitation reconstructions, climate model outputs, and reconstructed vegetation, to explore the causes of hydroclimate change in this region. This understanding is critical for regional climate projections, water resource management, and forest ecosystems sustainability. A robust 9000-year high-resolution Bayesian age model was generated using 89 accelerator mass spectrometric 14C dates for laminated marine sediments from central Santa Barbara Basin (SBB), California. Multiple flood (extreme precipitation events with an average return interval of ~100 years) and turbidite (earthquake induced slope failures with an average return interval of ~500 years) layers were identified. A master stratigraphy for the Holocene was created using these layers and correlated multiple marine sediment cores from SBB to place all published SBB proxy paleoclimate records into the new chronology. A sub-annually resolved Southern California precipitation record was reconstructed using ITRAX scanning X-ray fluorescence titanium counts from the same laminated sediment sequence in SBB. Instrumental precipitation data from the 20th and 21st centuries was analyzed to demonstrate that Southern California precipitation is significantly correlated with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on interannual timescales via an ENSO teleconnection between the tropical Pacific and North America. The Ti-based precipitation reconstruction over the Common Era demonstrates the ENSO teleconnection is modulated by both tropical forcing and mid-latitude atmospheric pressure systems (the Aleutian Low). Strong interannual precipitation variability occurred ...