The Effect of Marsâ Relevant Soil Analogs on the Water Uptake of Magnesium Perchlorate and Implications for the Nearâ Surface of Mars
The water uptake and release by perchlorate salts have been well studied since the first in situ identification of such salts in the Martian soil by the Phoenix mission in 2008. However, there have been few studies on the effect of the insoluble regolith minerals on the interaction of perchlorate wi...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2018
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/146327 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005540 |
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ftumdeepblue:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/146327 |
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openpolar |
| institution |
Open Polar |
| collection |
University of Michigan: Deep Blue |
| op_collection_id |
ftumdeepblue |
| language |
unknown |
| topic |
Phoenix perchlorate Mars perchlorate and mineral mixtures MSL deliquescence Geological Sciences Science |
| spellingShingle |
Phoenix perchlorate Mars perchlorate and mineral mixtures MSL deliquescence Geological Sciences Science Primm, K. M. Gough, R. V. Wong, J. Rivera‐valentin, E. G. Martinez, G. M. Hogancamp, J. V. Archer, P. D. Ming, D. W. Tolbert, M. A. The Effect of Marsâ Relevant Soil Analogs on the Water Uptake of Magnesium Perchlorate and Implications for the Nearâ Surface of Mars |
| topic_facet |
Phoenix perchlorate Mars perchlorate and mineral mixtures MSL deliquescence Geological Sciences Science |
| description |
The water uptake and release by perchlorate salts have been well studied since the first in situ identification of such salts in the Martian soil by the Phoenix mission in 2008. However, there have been few studies on the effect of the insoluble regolith minerals on the interaction of perchlorate with water vapor. In this work, we investigate the impact of a Marsâ relevant mineral, montmorillonite, and a Mars soil analog, Mojave Mars Simulant (MMS), on the deliquescence (transition from dry crystalline to aqueous via water vapor absorption), ice formation, and efflorescence (transition from aqueous to dry crystalline via loss of water) of pure magnesium perchlorate. We studied mixtures of magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate with either montmorillonite or MMS. Although montmorillonite and MMS are materials that may serve as nuclei for either ice nucleation or salt efflorescence, we find that these soil analogs did not affect the phase transitions of magnesium perchlorate. The saltâ mineral mixture behaved similarly, within estimated uncertainties, to pure magnesium perchlorate in all cases. Experiments were performed in both N2 and CO2 atmospheres, with no detectable difference. We use data from the Mars Science Laboratory Rover Environmental Monitoring Station instrument and the Phoenix Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Probe, as well as modeling of the shallow subsurface, to determine the likelihood of these perchlorate phase transitions occurring at Gale Crater and the northern arctic plains (Vastitas Borealis). We find that aqueous solutions are predicted in the shallow subsurface of the Phoenix landing site, but not predicted at Gale Crater.Plain Language SummaryMost previous studies on Marsâ relevant salts have looked at the water uptake and release of the pure salts, but few have looked at the effect that insoluble minerals might have on the water uptake and release. This is an important potential effect because the surface of Mars is mainly composed of (~99%) mineral dust and we might not be accurately ... |
| format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| author |
Primm, K. M. Gough, R. V. Wong, J. Rivera‐valentin, E. G. Martinez, G. M. Hogancamp, J. V. Archer, P. D. Ming, D. W. Tolbert, M. A. |
| author_facet |
Primm, K. M. Gough, R. V. Wong, J. Rivera‐valentin, E. G. Martinez, G. M. Hogancamp, J. V. Archer, P. D. Ming, D. W. Tolbert, M. A. |
| author_sort |
Primm, K. M. |
| title |
The Effect of Marsâ Relevant Soil Analogs on the Water Uptake of Magnesium Perchlorate and Implications for the Nearâ Surface of Mars |
| title_short |
The Effect of Marsâ Relevant Soil Analogs on the Water Uptake of Magnesium Perchlorate and Implications for the Nearâ Surface of Mars |
| title_full |
The Effect of Marsâ Relevant Soil Analogs on the Water Uptake of Magnesium Perchlorate and Implications for the Nearâ Surface of Mars |
| title_fullStr |
The Effect of Marsâ Relevant Soil Analogs on the Water Uptake of Magnesium Perchlorate and Implications for the Nearâ Surface of Mars |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Effect of Marsâ Relevant Soil Analogs on the Water Uptake of Magnesium Perchlorate and Implications for the Nearâ Surface of Mars |
| title_sort |
effect of marsâ relevant soil analogs on the water uptake of magnesium perchlorate and implications for the nearâ surface of mars |
| publisher |
Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/146327 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005540 |
| geographic |
Arctic |
| geographic_facet |
Arctic |
| genre |
Arctic |
| genre_facet |
Arctic |
| op_relation |
Primm, K. M.; Gough, R. V.; Wong, J.; Rivera‐valentin, E. G. Martinez, G. M.; Hogancamp, J. V.; Archer, P. D.; Ming, D. W.; Tolbert, M. A. (2018). "The Effect of Marsâ Relevant Soil Analogs on the Water Uptake of Magnesium Perchlorate and Implications for the Nearâ Surface of Mars." Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 123(8): 2076-2088. 2169-9097 2169-9100 http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/146327 doi:10.1029/2018JE005540 Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets Pant, A., Parsons, M. T., & Bertram, A. K. ( 2006 ). Crystallization of aqueous ammonium sulfate particles internally mixed with soot and kaolinite: Crystallization relative humidities and nucleation rates. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 110 ( 28 ), 8701 â 8709. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp060985s Kiselev, A., Bachmann, F., Pedevilla, P., Cox, S. J., Michaelides, A., Gerthsen, D., & Leisner, T. ( 2017 ). Active sites in heterogeneous ice nucleationâ The example of Kâ rich feldspars. Science, 355 ( January ), 367 â 371. Ladino, L. a., & Abbatt, J. P. D. ( 2013 ). Laboratory investigation of Martian water ice cloud formation using dust aerosol simulants. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 118, 14 â 25. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JE004238 Marion, G. M., Catling, D. C., Zahnle, K. J., & Claire, M. W. ( 2010 ). Modeling aqueous perchlorate chemistries with applications to Mars. Icarus, 207 ( 2 ), 675 â 685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.12.003 Marshall, C. P., & Olcott Marshall, A. ( 2015 ). Challenges analyzing gypsum on Mars by Raman spectroscopy. Astrobiology, 15 ( 9 ), 761 â 769. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1334 MartÃnez, G. M., Fischer, E., Rennó, N. O., Sebastián, E., Kemppinen, O., Bridges, N., et al. ( 2016 ). Likely frost events at Gale crater: Analysis from MSL/REMS measurements. Icarus, 280, 93 â 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.004 MartÃnez, G. M., Newman, C. N., De Vicenteâ Retortillo, A., Fischer, E., Renno, N. O., Richardson, M. I., et al. ( 2017 ). The modern nearâ surface Martian climate: A review of inâ situ meteorological data from Viking to Curiosity. Space Science Reviews, 212 ( 1â 2 ), 339 â 340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214â 017â 0368â 2 Navarroâ González, R., Vargas, E., de la Rosa, J., Raga, A. C., & McKay, C. P. ( 2010 ). Reanalysis of the Viking results suggests perchlorate and organics at midlatitudes on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, E12010. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003599 Nikolakakos, G., & Whiteway, J. A. ( 2015 ). Laboratory investigation of perchlorate deliquescence at the surface of Mars with a Raman scattering lidar. Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 7899 â 7906. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065434 Nikolakakos, G., & Whiteway, J. A. ( 2018 ). Laboratory study of adsorption and deliquescence on the surface of Mars. Icarus, 308, 221 â 229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.05.006 Nuding, D. L., Riveraâ Valentin, E. G., Davis, R. D., Gough, R. V., Chevrier, V. F., & Tolbert, M. A. ( 2014 ). Deliquescence and efflorescence of calcium perchlorate: An investigation of stable aqueous solutions relevant to Mars. Icarus, 243, 420 â 428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.036 Ojha, L., Wilhelm, M. B., Murchie, S. L., Mcewen, A. S., Wray, J. J., Hanley, J., et al. ( 2015 ). Spectral evidence for hydrated salts in recurring slope lineae on Mars. Nature Geoscience, 8 ( 11 ), 829 â 832. https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2546 Pestova, O. N., Myund, L. A., Khripun, M. K., & Prigaro, A. V. ( 2005 ). Polythermal study of the systems M (ClO4)2â H2O (M2+ = Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+). Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 78 ( 3 ), 409 â 413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11167â 005â 0306â z Peters, G. H., Abbey, W., Bearman, G. H., Mungas, G. S., Smith, J. A., Anderson, R. C., et al. ( 2008 ). Mojave Mars simulantâ Characterization of a new geologic Mars analog. Icarus, 197 ( 2 ), 470 â 479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.05.004 Primm, K. M., Gough, R. V., Chevrier, V. F., & Tolbert, M. A. ( 2017 ). Freezing of perchlorate and chloride brines under Marsâ relevant conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 212, 211 â 220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.012 Reid, J. P., & Sayer, R. M. ( 2003 ). Heterogeneous atmospheric aerosol chemistry: Laboratory studies of chemistry on water droplets. Chemical Society Reviews, 32 ( 2 ), 70 â 79. https://doi.org/10.1039/b204463n Riveraâ Valentin, E. G., Blackburn, D. G., & Ulrich, R. ( 2011 ). Revisiting the thermal inertia of Iapetus: Clues to the thickness of the dark material. Icarus, 216 ( 1 ), 347 â 358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.09.006 Robertson, K., & Bish, D. ( 2011 ). Stability of phases in the Mg (ClO4)2·nH2O system and implications for perchlorate occurrences on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, E07006. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003754 Schill, G. P., & Tolbert, M. A. ( 2013 ). Heterogeneous ice nucleation on phaseâ separated organicâ sulfate particles: effect of liquid vs. glassy coatings. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 4681 â 4695. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4681-2013 Smith, P. H., Tamppari, L. K., Arvidson, R. E., Bass, D., Blaney, D., Boynton, W. V., et al. ( 2009 ). H 2 O at the Phoenix landing site. Science 325, 58 â 61. Toner, J. D., Catling, D. C., & Light, B. ( 2014 ). The formation of supercooled brines, viscous liquids, and lowâ temperature perchlorate glasses in aqueous solutions relevant to Mars. Icarus, 233, 36 â 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.01.018 Toner, J. D., Catling, D. C., & Light, B. ( 2015 ). A revised Pitzer model for lowâ temperature soluble salt assemblages at the Phoenix site, Mars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 166, 327 â 343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.06.011 Ushijima, S. B., Davis, R. D., & Tolbert, M. A. ( 2018 ). Immersion and contact efflorescence induced by mineral dust particles. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 122 ( 5 ), 1303 â 1311. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12075 Vasavada, A. R., Piqueux, S., Lewis, K. W., Lemmon, M. T., & Smith, M. D. ( 2017 ). Thermophysical properties along Curiosity’s traverse in Gale crater, Mars, derived from the REMS ground temperature sensor. Icarus, 284, 372 â 386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.035 Welti, A., Lüönd, F., Stetzer, O., & Lohmann, U. ( 2009 ). Influence of particle size on the ice nucleating ability of mineral dusts. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6705 â 6715. Retrieved from http://www.atmosâ chemâ phys.net/9/6705/ Zent, A. P., Hecht, M. H., Cobos, D. R., Wood, S. E., Hudson, T. L., Milkovich, S. M., et al. ( 2010 ). Initial results from the Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Probe (TECP) on phoenix. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, E00E14. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003420 Zent, A. P., Hecht, M. H., Hudson, T. L., Wood, S. E., & Chevrier, V. F. ( 2016 ). 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Contact efflorescence as a pathway for crystallization of atmospherically relevant particles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112 ( 52 ), 15,815 â 15,820. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522860113 Davis, R. D., & Tolbert, M. A. ( 2017 ). Crystal nucleation initiated by transient ionâ surface interactions at aerosol interfaces. Science Advances, 3 ( 7 ), e1700425. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700425 Dollfus, A., & Deschamps, M. ( 1986 ). Grainâ size determination at the surface of Mars. Icarus, 67 ( 1 ), 37 â 50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0019â 1035(86)90172â 7 Ehlmann, B. L., & Edwards, C. S. ( 2014 ). Mineralogy of the Martian surface. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 42 ( 1 ), 291 â 315. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevâ earthâ 060313â 055024 Fischer, E., MartÃnez, G., Elliot, H. M., & Rennó, N. O. ( 2014 ). Experimental evidence for the formation of liquid saline water on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 41, 4456 â 4462. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060302.Received Fischer, E., MartÃnez, G. M., & Rennó, N. O. ( 2016 ). Formation and persistence of brine on Mars: Experimental simulations throughout the diurnal cycle at the Phoenix landing site. Astrobiology, 16 ( 12 ), 937 â 948. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2016.1525 |
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ftumdeepblue:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/146327 2024-09-09T19:28:25+00:00 The Effect of Marsâ Relevant Soil Analogs on the Water Uptake of Magnesium Perchlorate and Implications for the Nearâ Surface of Mars Primm, K. M. Gough, R. V. Wong, J. Rivera‐valentin, E. G. Martinez, G. M. Hogancamp, J. V. Archer, P. D. Ming, D. W. Tolbert, M. A. 2018-08 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/146327 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005540 unknown Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Primm, K. M.; Gough, R. V.; Wong, J.; Rivera‐valentin, E. G. Martinez, G. M.; Hogancamp, J. V.; Archer, P. D.; Ming, D. W.; Tolbert, M. A. (2018). "The Effect of Marsâ Relevant Soil Analogs on the Water Uptake of Magnesium Perchlorate and Implications for the Nearâ Surface of Mars." Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 123(8): 2076-2088. 2169-9097 2169-9100 http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/146327 doi:10.1029/2018JE005540 Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets Pant, A., Parsons, M. T., & Bertram, A. K. ( 2006 ). Crystallization of aqueous ammonium sulfate particles internally mixed with soot and kaolinite: Crystallization relative humidities and nucleation rates. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 110 ( 28 ), 8701 â 8709. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp060985s Kiselev, A., Bachmann, F., Pedevilla, P., Cox, S. J., Michaelides, A., Gerthsen, D., & Leisner, T. ( 2017 ). Active sites in heterogeneous ice nucleationâ The example of Kâ rich feldspars. Science, 355 ( January ), 367 â 371. Ladino, L. a., & Abbatt, J. P. D. ( 2013 ). Laboratory investigation of Martian water ice cloud formation using dust aerosol simulants. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 118, 14 â 25. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JE004238 Marion, G. M., Catling, D. C., Zahnle, K. J., & Claire, M. W. ( 2010 ). Modeling aqueous perchlorate chemistries with applications to Mars. Icarus, 207 ( 2 ), 675 â 685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.12.003 Marshall, C. P., & Olcott Marshall, A. ( 2015 ). Challenges analyzing gypsum on Mars by Raman spectroscopy. Astrobiology, 15 ( 9 ), 761 â 769. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1334 MartÃnez, G. M., Fischer, E., Rennó, N. O., Sebastián, E., Kemppinen, O., Bridges, N., et al. ( 2016 ). Likely frost events at Gale crater: Analysis from MSL/REMS measurements. Icarus, 280, 93 â 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.004 MartÃnez, G. M., Newman, C. N., De Vicenteâ Retortillo, A., Fischer, E., Renno, N. O., Richardson, M. I., et al. ( 2017 ). The modern nearâ surface Martian climate: A review of inâ situ meteorological data from Viking to Curiosity. Space Science Reviews, 212 ( 1â 2 ), 339 â 340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214â 017â 0368â 2 Navarroâ González, R., Vargas, E., de la Rosa, J., Raga, A. C., & McKay, C. P. ( 2010 ). Reanalysis of the Viking results suggests perchlorate and organics at midlatitudes on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, E12010. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003599 Nikolakakos, G., & Whiteway, J. A. ( 2015 ). Laboratory investigation of perchlorate deliquescence at the surface of Mars with a Raman scattering lidar. Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 7899 â 7906. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065434 Nikolakakos, G., & Whiteway, J. A. ( 2018 ). Laboratory study of adsorption and deliquescence on the surface of Mars. Icarus, 308, 221 â 229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.05.006 Nuding, D. L., Riveraâ Valentin, E. G., Davis, R. D., Gough, R. V., Chevrier, V. F., & Tolbert, M. A. ( 2014 ). Deliquescence and efflorescence of calcium perchlorate: An investigation of stable aqueous solutions relevant to Mars. Icarus, 243, 420 â 428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.036 Ojha, L., Wilhelm, M. B., Murchie, S. L., Mcewen, A. S., Wray, J. J., Hanley, J., et al. ( 2015 ). Spectral evidence for hydrated salts in recurring slope lineae on Mars. Nature Geoscience, 8 ( 11 ), 829 â 832. https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2546 Pestova, O. N., Myund, L. A., Khripun, M. K., & Prigaro, A. V. ( 2005 ). Polythermal study of the systems M (ClO4)2â H2O (M2+ = Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+). Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 78 ( 3 ), 409 â 413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11167â 005â 0306â z Peters, G. H., Abbey, W., Bearman, G. H., Mungas, G. S., Smith, J. A., Anderson, R. C., et al. ( 2008 ). Mojave Mars simulantâ Characterization of a new geologic Mars analog. Icarus, 197 ( 2 ), 470 â 479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.05.004 Primm, K. M., Gough, R. V., Chevrier, V. F., & Tolbert, M. A. ( 2017 ). Freezing of perchlorate and chloride brines under Marsâ relevant conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 212, 211 â 220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.012 Reid, J. P., & Sayer, R. M. ( 2003 ). Heterogeneous atmospheric aerosol chemistry: Laboratory studies of chemistry on water droplets. Chemical Society Reviews, 32 ( 2 ), 70 â 79. https://doi.org/10.1039/b204463n Riveraâ Valentin, E. G., Blackburn, D. G., & Ulrich, R. ( 2011 ). Revisiting the thermal inertia of Iapetus: Clues to the thickness of the dark material. Icarus, 216 ( 1 ), 347 â 358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.09.006 Robertson, K., & Bish, D. ( 2011 ). Stability of phases in the Mg (ClO4)2·nH2O system and implications for perchlorate occurrences on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, E07006. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003754 Schill, G. P., & Tolbert, M. A. ( 2013 ). Heterogeneous ice nucleation on phaseâ separated organicâ sulfate particles: effect of liquid vs. glassy coatings. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 4681 â 4695. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4681-2013 Smith, P. H., Tamppari, L. K., Arvidson, R. E., Bass, D., Blaney, D., Boynton, W. V., et al. ( 2009 ). H 2 O at the Phoenix landing site. Science 325, 58 â 61. Toner, J. D., Catling, D. C., & Light, B. ( 2014 ). The formation of supercooled brines, viscous liquids, and lowâ temperature perchlorate glasses in aqueous solutions relevant to Mars. Icarus, 233, 36 â 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.01.018 Toner, J. D., Catling, D. C., & Light, B. ( 2015 ). A revised Pitzer model for lowâ temperature soluble salt assemblages at the Phoenix site, Mars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 166, 327 â 343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.06.011 Ushijima, S. B., Davis, R. D., & Tolbert, M. A. ( 2018 ). Immersion and contact efflorescence induced by mineral dust particles. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 122 ( 5 ), 1303 â 1311. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12075 Vasavada, A. R., Piqueux, S., Lewis, K. W., Lemmon, M. T., & Smith, M. D. ( 2017 ). Thermophysical properties along Curiosity’s traverse in Gale crater, Mars, derived from the REMS ground temperature sensor. Icarus, 284, 372 â 386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.035 Welti, A., Lüönd, F., Stetzer, O., & Lohmann, U. ( 2009 ). Influence of particle size on the ice nucleating ability of mineral dusts. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6705 â 6715. Retrieved from http://www.atmosâ chemâ phys.net/9/6705/ Zent, A. P., Hecht, M. H., Cobos, D. R., Wood, S. E., Hudson, T. L., Milkovich, S. M., et al. ( 2010 ). Initial results from the Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Probe (TECP) on phoenix. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, E00E14. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003420 Zent, A. P., Hecht, M. H., Hudson, T. L., Wood, S. E., & Chevrier, V. F. ( 2016 ). A revised calibration function and results for the Phoenix mission TECP relative humidity sensor. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 121, 626 â 651. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JE004933 Zorzano, M.â P., Mateoâ MartÃ, E., Prietoâ Ballesteros, O., Osuna, S., & Renno, N. ( 2009 ). Stability of liquid saline water on present day Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L20201. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040315 Assemi, S., Sharma, S., Tadjiki, S., Prisbrey, K., Ranville, J., & Miller, J. D. ( 2015 ). 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Astrobiology, 16 ( 12 ), 937 â 948. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2016.1525 IndexNoFollow Phoenix perchlorate Mars perchlorate and mineral mixtures MSL deliquescence Geological Sciences Science Article 2018 ftumdeepblue https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE00554010.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.00410.1007/s11214â10.1038/NGEO254610.1016/j.icarus.2008.05.00410.1029/2009JE00342010.1126/science.123414510.1002/jgre.2014410.1002/2013JE00452010.1002/2013JE004514.Received10.1127/ejm/2/1/0063 2024-07-30T04:06:06Z The water uptake and release by perchlorate salts have been well studied since the first in situ identification of such salts in the Martian soil by the Phoenix mission in 2008. However, there have been few studies on the effect of the insoluble regolith minerals on the interaction of perchlorate with water vapor. In this work, we investigate the impact of a Marsâ relevant mineral, montmorillonite, and a Mars soil analog, Mojave Mars Simulant (MMS), on the deliquescence (transition from dry crystalline to aqueous via water vapor absorption), ice formation, and efflorescence (transition from aqueous to dry crystalline via loss of water) of pure magnesium perchlorate. We studied mixtures of magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate with either montmorillonite or MMS. Although montmorillonite and MMS are materials that may serve as nuclei for either ice nucleation or salt efflorescence, we find that these soil analogs did not affect the phase transitions of magnesium perchlorate. The saltâ mineral mixture behaved similarly, within estimated uncertainties, to pure magnesium perchlorate in all cases. Experiments were performed in both N2 and CO2 atmospheres, with no detectable difference. We use data from the Mars Science Laboratory Rover Environmental Monitoring Station instrument and the Phoenix Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Probe, as well as modeling of the shallow subsurface, to determine the likelihood of these perchlorate phase transitions occurring at Gale Crater and the northern arctic plains (Vastitas Borealis). We find that aqueous solutions are predicted in the shallow subsurface of the Phoenix landing site, but not predicted at Gale Crater.Plain Language SummaryMost previous studies on Marsâ relevant salts have looked at the water uptake and release of the pure salts, but few have looked at the effect that insoluble minerals might have on the water uptake and release. This is an important potential effect because the surface of Mars is mainly composed of (~99%) mineral dust and we might not be accurately ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic University of Michigan: Deep Blue Arctic Environmental Science & Technology 57 25 9342 9352 |