Asymmetric Hybridization and Introgression between Pink Salmon and Chinook Salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes

Among Pacific salmon collected in the St. Marys River, five natural hybrids of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and one suspected backcross have been detected using morphologic, meristic, and color evidence. One allozyme (LDH, l‐lactate dehydrogenase from muscle)...

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Main Authors: Rosenfield, Jonathan A., Todd, Thomas, Greil, Roger
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:unknown
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2000
Subjects:
Natural Resources and Environment
Science
Pacific
St. Marys River
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Pink salmon
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/142073
https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0670:AHAIBP>2.3.CO;2
id ftumdeepblue:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/142073
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection University of Michigan: Deep Blue
op_collection_id ftumdeepblue
language unknown
topic Natural Resources and Environment
Science
spellingShingle Natural Resources and Environment
Science
Rosenfield, Jonathan A.
Todd, Thomas
Greil, Roger
Asymmetric Hybridization and Introgression between Pink Salmon and Chinook Salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes
topic_facet Natural Resources and Environment
Science
description Among Pacific salmon collected in the St. Marys River, five natural hybrids of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and one suspected backcross have been detected using morphologic, meristic, and color evidence. One allozyme (LDH, l‐lactate dehydrogenase from muscle) and one nuclear DNA locus (growth hormone) for which species‐specific fixed differences exist were analyzed to detect additional hybrids and to determine if introgression had occurred. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to identify the maternal parent of each hybrid. Evidence of introgression was found among the five previously identified hybrids. All hybrid specimens had chinook salmon mtDNA, indicating that hybridization between chinook salmon and pink salmon in the St. Marys River is asymmetric and perhaps unidirectional. Ecological, physiological, and sexual selection forces may contribute to this asymmetric hybridization. Introgression between these highly differentiated species has implications for management, systematics, and conservation of Pacific salmon. Peer Reviewed https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142073/1/tafs0670.pdf
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Rosenfield, Jonathan A.
Todd, Thomas
Greil, Roger
author_facet Rosenfield, Jonathan A.
Todd, Thomas
Greil, Roger
author_sort Rosenfield, Jonathan A.
title Asymmetric Hybridization and Introgression between Pink Salmon and Chinook Salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes
title_short Asymmetric Hybridization and Introgression between Pink Salmon and Chinook Salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes
title_full Asymmetric Hybridization and Introgression between Pink Salmon and Chinook Salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes
title_fullStr Asymmetric Hybridization and Introgression between Pink Salmon and Chinook Salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes
title_full_unstemmed Asymmetric Hybridization and Introgression between Pink Salmon and Chinook Salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes
title_sort asymmetric hybridization and introgression between pink salmon and chinook salmon in the laurentian great lakes
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate 2000
url https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/142073
https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0670:AHAIBP>2.3.CO;2
long_lat ENVELOPE(-55.839,-55.839,52.312,52.312)
geographic Pacific
St. Marys River
geographic_facet Pacific
St. Marys River
genre Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Pink salmon
genre_facet Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Pink salmon
op_relation Rosenfield, Jonathan A.; Todd, Thomas; Greil, Roger (2000). "Asymmetric Hybridization and Introgression between Pink Salmon and Chinook Salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129(3): 670-679.
0002-8487
1548-8659
https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/142073
doi:10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0670:AHAIBP>2.3.CO;2
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
A. M. Shedlock, J. D. Parker, D. A. Crispin, T. W. Pietsch and G. C. Burmer, 1992 Evolution of the salmonid mitochondrial control region, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1, Pages 179 – 192.
G. J. Ridgway, S. W. Sherburne and R. D. Lewis, 1970 Polymorphism in the esterases of Atlantic herring, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 99, Pages 147 – 151.
J. A. Rosenfield, 1998 Detection of natural hybridization between pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) and chinook salmon ( O. tshawytscha ) in the Laurentian Great Lakes using meristic, morphological, and color evidence, Copeia, 1998, Pages 706 – 714.
J. B. Shaklee, F. W. Allendorf, D. C. Morizot and G. S. Whitt, 1990 Gene nomenclature for protein‐coding loci in fish, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119, Pages 2 – 15.
J. B. Shaklee and C. P. Keenan, 1986. In A practical laboratory guide to the techniques and methodology of electrophoresis and its application to fish fillet identification, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Report 177.
J. B. Shaklee and N. V. Varnavskaya, 1994 Electrophoretic characterization of odd‐year pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) populations from the Pacific coast of Russia, and comparison with selected North American populations, Molecular Ecology, 51 Supplement 1, Pages 158 – 171.
C. R. Shaw and R. Prassad, 1970 Starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes—a compilation of recipes, Biochemical Genetics, 4, Pages 297 – 320.
R. C. Simon and R. E. Noble, 1968 Hybridization in Oncorhynchus (salmonidae). I. Viability and inheritance in artificial crosses of chum and pink salmon, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 97, Pages 109 – 118.
A. I. Smirnov, 1972, “ Hybrids of Pacific salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus characteristics of development and prospects of utilization ”. Edited by: B. I. Cherfas. In Genetics, selection, and hybridization of fish, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Ministry of Fisheries of the USSR, Moscow.
G. R. Smith, 1992 Introgression in fishes: Significance for paleontology, cladistics, and evolutionary rates, Systematic Biology, 41, Pages 41 – 57.
G. R. Smith, J. A. Rosenfield and J. Porterfield, 1995, “ Processes of origin and criteria for preservation of fish species ”, Pages 45 – 57. Edited by: J. L. Nielsen. In Evolution and the aquatic ecosystem: Defining unique units in population conservation, American Fisheries Society, Symposium 17, Bethesda, Maryland.
R. F. Stearly and G. R. Smith, 1993 Phylogeny of the Pacific trouts and salmons ( Oncorhynchus ) and genera of the family Salmonidae, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 122, Pages 3 – 87.
A. R. Templeton, 1998, “ Species and speciation: Geography, population structure, ecology, and gene trees ”, Pages 32 – 43. Edited by: D. J. Howard, S. H. Berlocher. In Endless forms: Species and speciation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
F. M. Utter, F. W. Allendorf and H. O. Hodgins, 1973 Genetic variability and relationships in Pacific salmon and related trout based on protein variations, Systematic Zoology, 22, Pages 257 – 270.
E. P. van den Berghe and M. R. Gross, 1989 Natural selection resulting from female breeding competition in a Pacific salmon (coho: Oncorhynchus kisutch ), Evolution, 43, Pages 125 – 140.
L. Van Valen, 1976 Ecological species, multi‐species, and oaks, Taxon, 25, Pages 233 – 239.
P. S. Walsh, D. A. Metzger and R. Higuchi, 1991 Chelex‐100 as a medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR‐based typing from forensic material, BioTechniques, 10, Pages 506 – 513.
N. S. Adams, W. J. Spearman, C. V. Burger, K. P. Currens, C. B. Schreck and H. W. Li, 1994 Variation in mitochondrial DNA and allozymes discriminates early and late forms of chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Kenai and Kasilof Rivers, Alaska, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51 Supplement 1, Pages 172 – 181.
P. B. Aebersold, G. A. Winans, D. J. Teel, G. B. Milner and F. M. Utter, 1987. In Manual for starch gel electrophoresis: A method for the detection of genetic variation, NOAA Technical Report NMFS 61.
F. W. Allendorf and R. F. Leary, 1988 Conservation and distribution of genetic variation in a polytypic species, the cutthroat trout, Conservation Biology, 2, Pages 170 – 184.
M. L. Arnold, 1997. In Natural hybridization and evolution, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
M. L. Arnold and S. A. Hodges, 1995 Are natural hybrids fit or unfit relative to their parents?, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 10, Pages 67 – 71.
J. C. Avise, 1994. In Molecular markers, natural history and evolution, Chapman and Hall, New York.
D. M. Bartley, G. A. E. Gall and B. Bentley, 1990 Biochemical genetic detection of natural and artificial hybridization of chinook and coho salmon in northern California, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119, Pages 431 – 437.
D. E. Campton, 1987, “ Natural hybridization and introgression in fishes ”, Pages 161 – 192. Edited by: N. Ryman, F. Utter. In Population genetics and fisheries management, University Washington Press, Seattle.
B. Chevassus, 1979 Hybridization in salmonids: Results and perspectives, Aquaculture, 17, Pages 113 – 128.
M. A. Cronin, W. J. Spearman, R. L. Wilmot, J. C. Patton and J. W. Bickham, 1993 Mitochondrial DNA variation in chinook ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) and chum salmon ( O. keta ) detected by restriction enzyme analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50, Pages 708 – 715.
T. E. Dowling and M. R. Childs, 1992 Impact of hybridization on a threatened trout of the southwestern United States, Conservation Biology, 6, Pages 355 – 364.
A. A. Echelle, C. Hoagstrum, A. F. Echelle and J. E. Brooks, 1997 Expanded occurrence of genetically introgressed pupfish (Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodon pecosensis × variegatus ) in New Mexico, Southwestern Naturalist, 42, Pages 336 – 339.
R. E. Foerster, 1935 Inter‐specific cross‐breeding of Pacific salmon, Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 29 3rd series, Pages 21 – 33.
M. R. Gross, 1985 Disruptive selection for alternative life histories in salmon, Nature (London), 313, Pages 47 – 48.
T. Hatfield and D. Schluter, 1999 Ecological speciation in sticklebacks: Environment‐dependent hybrid fitness, Evolution, 53, Pages 866 – 873.
C. L. Hubbs, 1955 Hybridization between fish species in nature, Systematic Zoology, 4, Pages 1 – 20.
C. L. Hubbs, 1961, “ Isolating mechanisms in the speciation of fishes ”, Pages 5 – 23. Edited by: W. F. Blair. In Vertebrate speciation, University of Texas Press, Austin.
J. G. Hunter, 1949 Occurrence of hybrid salmon in the British Columbia commercial fishery, 1949, Pages 91 – 92, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Pacific Coast Station, Progress Report.:. (Not seen: Cited in Simon and Noble 1968.).
IUBMBNC (International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nomenclature Committee), 1992. In Enzyme nomenclature, 1992, Academic Press, San Diego, California.
M. H. A. Keenleyside and H. M. C. Dupuis, 1988 Courtship and spawning competition in pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ), Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66, Pages 262 – 265.
B. R. Konkle and D. P. Philipp, 1992 Asymmetric hybridization between two species of sunfishes (Lepomis: Centrarchidae), Molecular Ecology, 1, Pages 215 – 222.
W. Kwain, 1987 Record size of freshwater pink salmon, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 7, Pages 302 – 303.
R. F. Leary, F. W. Allendorf, S. R. Phelps and K. L. Knudsen, 1987 Genetic divergence among seven subspecies of cutthroat trout and rainbow trout, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 116, Pages 580 – 587.
E. J. Loudenslager, J. N. Rinne, G. A. E. Gall and R. E. David, 1986 Biochemical genetic studies of native Arizona and New Mexico trout, Southwestern Naturalist, 31, Pages 221 – 234.
B. May, F. M. Utter and F. W. Allendorf, 1975 Biochemical variation in pink and chum salmon, Journal of Heredity, 66, Pages 227 – 232.
C. McGowan and W. S. Davidson, 1992 Unidirectional natural hybridization between brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) and Atlantic salmon ( S. salar ) in Newfoundland, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49, Pages 1953 – 1958.
S. J. McKay, R. H. Devlin and M. J. Smith, 1996 The phylogeny of Pacific salmon and trout based on growth hormone type‐2 (GH2) and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3) DNA sequences, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53, Pages 1165 – 1176.
op_rights IndexNoFollow
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0670:AHAIBP>2.3.CO;2
_version_ 1774721723277508608
spelling ftumdeepblue:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/142073 2023-08-20T04:09:03+02:00 Asymmetric Hybridization and Introgression between Pink Salmon and Chinook Salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes Rosenfield, Jonathan A. Todd, Thomas Greil, Roger 2000-05 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/142073 https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0670:AHAIBP>2.3.CO;2 unknown Taylor & Francis Group Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Rosenfield, Jonathan A.; Todd, Thomas; Greil, Roger (2000). "Asymmetric Hybridization and Introgression between Pink Salmon and Chinook Salmon in the Laurentian Great Lakes." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129(3): 670-679. 0002-8487 1548-8659 https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/142073 doi:10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0670:AHAIBP>2.3.CO;2 Transactions of the American Fisheries Society A. M. Shedlock, J. D. Parker, D. A. Crispin, T. W. Pietsch and G. C. Burmer, 1992 Evolution of the salmonid mitochondrial control region, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1, Pages 179 – 192. G. J. Ridgway, S. W. Sherburne and R. D. Lewis, 1970 Polymorphism in the esterases of Atlantic herring, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 99, Pages 147 – 151. J. A. Rosenfield, 1998 Detection of natural hybridization between pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) and chinook salmon ( O. tshawytscha ) in the Laurentian Great Lakes using meristic, morphological, and color evidence, Copeia, 1998, Pages 706 – 714. J. B. Shaklee, F. W. Allendorf, D. C. Morizot and G. S. Whitt, 1990 Gene nomenclature for protein‐coding loci in fish, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119, Pages 2 – 15. J. B. Shaklee and C. P. Keenan, 1986. In A practical laboratory guide to the techniques and methodology of electrophoresis and its application to fish fillet identification, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Report 177. J. B. Shaklee and N. V. Varnavskaya, 1994 Electrophoretic characterization of odd‐year pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) populations from the Pacific coast of Russia, and comparison with selected North American populations, Molecular Ecology, 51 Supplement 1, Pages 158 – 171. C. R. Shaw and R. Prassad, 1970 Starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes—a compilation of recipes, Biochemical Genetics, 4, Pages 297 – 320. R. C. Simon and R. E. Noble, 1968 Hybridization in Oncorhynchus (salmonidae). I. Viability and inheritance in artificial crosses of chum and pink salmon, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 97, Pages 109 – 118. A. I. Smirnov, 1972, “ Hybrids of Pacific salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus characteristics of development and prospects of utilization ”. Edited by: B. I. Cherfas. In Genetics, selection, and hybridization of fish, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Ministry of Fisheries of the USSR, Moscow. G. R. Smith, 1992 Introgression in fishes: Significance for paleontology, cladistics, and evolutionary rates, Systematic Biology, 41, Pages 41 – 57. G. R. Smith, J. A. Rosenfield and J. Porterfield, 1995, “ Processes of origin and criteria for preservation of fish species ”, Pages 45 – 57. Edited by: J. L. Nielsen. In Evolution and the aquatic ecosystem: Defining unique units in population conservation, American Fisheries Society, Symposium 17, Bethesda, Maryland. R. F. Stearly and G. R. Smith, 1993 Phylogeny of the Pacific trouts and salmons ( Oncorhynchus ) and genera of the family Salmonidae, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 122, Pages 3 – 87. A. R. Templeton, 1998, “ Species and speciation: Geography, population structure, ecology, and gene trees ”, Pages 32 – 43. Edited by: D. J. Howard, S. H. Berlocher. In Endless forms: Species and speciation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. F. M. Utter, F. W. Allendorf and H. O. Hodgins, 1973 Genetic variability and relationships in Pacific salmon and related trout based on protein variations, Systematic Zoology, 22, Pages 257 – 270. E. P. van den Berghe and M. R. Gross, 1989 Natural selection resulting from female breeding competition in a Pacific salmon (coho: Oncorhynchus kisutch ), Evolution, 43, Pages 125 – 140. L. Van Valen, 1976 Ecological species, multi‐species, and oaks, Taxon, 25, Pages 233 – 239. P. S. Walsh, D. A. Metzger and R. Higuchi, 1991 Chelex‐100 as a medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR‐based typing from forensic material, BioTechniques, 10, Pages 506 – 513. N. S. Adams, W. J. Spearman, C. V. Burger, K. P. Currens, C. B. Schreck and H. W. Li, 1994 Variation in mitochondrial DNA and allozymes discriminates early and late forms of chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Kenai and Kasilof Rivers, Alaska, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51 Supplement 1, Pages 172 – 181. P. B. Aebersold, G. A. Winans, D. J. Teel, G. B. Milner and F. M. Utter, 1987. In Manual for starch gel electrophoresis: A method for the detection of genetic variation, NOAA Technical Report NMFS 61. F. W. Allendorf and R. F. Leary, 1988 Conservation and distribution of genetic variation in a polytypic species, the cutthroat trout, Conservation Biology, 2, Pages 170 – 184. M. L. Arnold, 1997. In Natural hybridization and evolution, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. M. L. Arnold and S. A. Hodges, 1995 Are natural hybrids fit or unfit relative to their parents?, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 10, Pages 67 – 71. J. C. Avise, 1994. In Molecular markers, natural history and evolution, Chapman and Hall, New York. D. M. Bartley, G. A. E. Gall and B. Bentley, 1990 Biochemical genetic detection of natural and artificial hybridization of chinook and coho salmon in northern California, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119, Pages 431 – 437. D. E. Campton, 1987, “ Natural hybridization and introgression in fishes ”, Pages 161 – 192. Edited by: N. Ryman, F. Utter. In Population genetics and fisheries management, University Washington Press, Seattle. B. Chevassus, 1979 Hybridization in salmonids: Results and perspectives, Aquaculture, 17, Pages 113 – 128. M. A. Cronin, W. J. Spearman, R. L. Wilmot, J. C. Patton and J. W. Bickham, 1993 Mitochondrial DNA variation in chinook ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) and chum salmon ( O. keta ) detected by restriction enzyme analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50, Pages 708 – 715. T. E. Dowling and M. R. Childs, 1992 Impact of hybridization on a threatened trout of the southwestern United States, Conservation Biology, 6, Pages 355 – 364. A. A. Echelle, C. Hoagstrum, A. F. Echelle and J. E. Brooks, 1997 Expanded occurrence of genetically introgressed pupfish (Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodon pecosensis × variegatus ) in New Mexico, Southwestern Naturalist, 42, Pages 336 – 339. R. E. Foerster, 1935 Inter‐specific cross‐breeding of Pacific salmon, Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 29 3rd series, Pages 21 – 33. M. R. Gross, 1985 Disruptive selection for alternative life histories in salmon, Nature (London), 313, Pages 47 – 48. T. Hatfield and D. Schluter, 1999 Ecological speciation in sticklebacks: Environment‐dependent hybrid fitness, Evolution, 53, Pages 866 – 873. C. L. Hubbs, 1955 Hybridization between fish species in nature, Systematic Zoology, 4, Pages 1 – 20. C. L. Hubbs, 1961, “ Isolating mechanisms in the speciation of fishes ”, Pages 5 – 23. Edited by: W. F. Blair. In Vertebrate speciation, University of Texas Press, Austin. J. G. Hunter, 1949 Occurrence of hybrid salmon in the British Columbia commercial fishery, 1949, Pages 91 – 92, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Pacific Coast Station, Progress Report.:. (Not seen: Cited in Simon and Noble 1968.). IUBMBNC (International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nomenclature Committee), 1992. In Enzyme nomenclature, 1992, Academic Press, San Diego, California. M. H. A. Keenleyside and H. M. C. Dupuis, 1988 Courtship and spawning competition in pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ), Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66, Pages 262 – 265. B. R. Konkle and D. P. Philipp, 1992 Asymmetric hybridization between two species of sunfishes (Lepomis: Centrarchidae), Molecular Ecology, 1, Pages 215 – 222. W. Kwain, 1987 Record size of freshwater pink salmon, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 7, Pages 302 – 303. R. F. Leary, F. W. Allendorf, S. R. Phelps and K. L. Knudsen, 1987 Genetic divergence among seven subspecies of cutthroat trout and rainbow trout, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 116, Pages 580 – 587. E. J. Loudenslager, J. N. Rinne, G. A. E. Gall and R. E. David, 1986 Biochemical genetic studies of native Arizona and New Mexico trout, Southwestern Naturalist, 31, Pages 221 – 234. B. May, F. M. Utter and F. W. Allendorf, 1975 Biochemical variation in pink and chum salmon, Journal of Heredity, 66, Pages 227 – 232. C. McGowan and W. S. Davidson, 1992 Unidirectional natural hybridization between brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) and Atlantic salmon ( S. salar ) in Newfoundland, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49, Pages 1953 – 1958. S. J. McKay, R. H. Devlin and M. J. Smith, 1996 The phylogeny of Pacific salmon and trout based on growth hormone type‐2 (GH2) and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3) DNA sequences, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53, Pages 1165 – 1176. IndexNoFollow Natural Resources and Environment Science Article 2000 ftumdeepblue https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0670:AHAIBP>2.3.CO;2 2023-07-31T20:40:26Z Among Pacific salmon collected in the St. Marys River, five natural hybrids of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and one suspected backcross have been detected using morphologic, meristic, and color evidence. One allozyme (LDH, l‐lactate dehydrogenase from muscle) and one nuclear DNA locus (growth hormone) for which species‐specific fixed differences exist were analyzed to detect additional hybrids and to determine if introgression had occurred. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to identify the maternal parent of each hybrid. Evidence of introgression was found among the five previously identified hybrids. All hybrid specimens had chinook salmon mtDNA, indicating that hybridization between chinook salmon and pink salmon in the St. Marys River is asymmetric and perhaps unidirectional. Ecological, physiological, and sexual selection forces may contribute to this asymmetric hybridization. Introgression between these highly differentiated species has implications for management, systematics, and conservation of Pacific salmon. Peer Reviewed https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142073/1/tafs0670.pdf Article in Journal/Newspaper Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Pink salmon University of Michigan: Deep Blue Pacific St. Marys River ENVELOPE(-55.839,-55.839,52.312,52.312)

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