Influence of Predation Mortality on Survival of Chinook Salmon Parr in a Lake Michigan Tributary

Predation mortality among Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha parr can act at small spatiotemporal scales and cause variability in parr survival and potential recruitment. We analyzed predator diets and multiplied per capita consumption rates by predator population estimates to evaluate the rela...

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Published in:Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
Main Authors: Krueger, Damon M., Rutherford, Edward S., Mason, Doran M.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:unknown
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2011
Subjects:
Natural Resources and Environment
Science
Arctic
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/141027
https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.556991
id ftumdeepblue:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/141027
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection University of Michigan: Deep Blue
op_collection_id ftumdeepblue
language unknown
topic Natural Resources and Environment
Science
spellingShingle Natural Resources and Environment
Science
Krueger, Damon M.
Rutherford, Edward S.
Mason, Doran M.
Influence of Predation Mortality on Survival of Chinook Salmon Parr in a Lake Michigan Tributary
topic_facet Natural Resources and Environment
Science
description Predation mortality among Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha parr can act at small spatiotemporal scales and cause variability in parr survival and potential recruitment. We analyzed predator diets and multiplied per capita consumption rates by predator population estimates to evaluate the relative effect of predation by stocked sport fishes on the variability in survival of Chinook salmon parr in the Muskegon River, Michigan, from 2004 to 2007. Brown trout Salmo trutta were a major predator of Chinook salmon parr, consuming from 15% to 34% of the total number available, while walleyes Sander vitreus consumed from 0.2% to 15%. Walleyes also consumed large quantities of brown trout and rainbow trout O. mykiss. Brown trout predation on Chinook salmon parr was largely dependent on parr size, while walleye predation was buffered by the availability of rainbow trout and brown trout. Predation mortality appeared to be responsible for a more than three‐fold difference in the survival of Chinook salmon parr in the Muskegon River. The vulnerability of Chinook salmon parr to predation appeared to be controlled by parr growth rates, brown trout stocking dates, and the number of brown trout stocked. Fishery regulations to manipulate piscivore abundance may lead to higher survival and lower variability in the survival of Chinook salmon parr. Peer Reviewed https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141027/1/tafs0147.pdf
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Krueger, Damon M.
Rutherford, Edward S.
Mason, Doran M.
author_facet Krueger, Damon M.
Rutherford, Edward S.
Mason, Doran M.
author_sort Krueger, Damon M.
title Influence of Predation Mortality on Survival of Chinook Salmon Parr in a Lake Michigan Tributary
title_short Influence of Predation Mortality on Survival of Chinook Salmon Parr in a Lake Michigan Tributary
title_full Influence of Predation Mortality on Survival of Chinook Salmon Parr in a Lake Michigan Tributary
title_fullStr Influence of Predation Mortality on Survival of Chinook Salmon Parr in a Lake Michigan Tributary
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Predation Mortality on Survival of Chinook Salmon Parr in a Lake Michigan Tributary
title_sort influence of predation mortality on survival of chinook salmon parr in a lake michigan tributary
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate 2011
url https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/141027
https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.556991
genre Arctic
genre_facet Arctic
op_relation Krueger, Damon M.; Rutherford, Edward S.; Mason, Doran M. (2011). "Influence of Predation Mortality on Survival of Chinook Salmon Parr in a Lake Michigan Tributary." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140(1): 147-163.
0002-8487
1548-8659
https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/141027
doi:10.1080/00028487.2011.556991
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
B. E. Rieman and R. C. Beamesderfer, 1990 Dynamics of a northern squawfish population and the potential to reduce predation on juvenile salmonids in a Columbia River reservoir, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 10: Pages 228 – 241.
B. E. Rieman, R. C. Beamesderfer, S. Vigg and T. P. Poe, 1991 Estimated loss of juvenile salmonids to predation by northern squawfish, walleyes, and smallmouth bass in John Day Reservoir, Columbia River, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 120: Pages 448 – 458.
K. G. Seaburg, 1957 A stomach sampler for live fish, Progressive Fish‐Culturist, 19: Pages 137 – 139.
P. W. Seelbach, 1985. In Smolt migration of wild and hatchery‐raised coho and Chinook salmon in a tributary of northern Lake Michigan, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Ann Arbor, Fisheries Research Report 1935.
R. S. Shively, T. P. Poe and S. T. Sauter, 1996 Feeding response by northern squawfish to a hatchery release of juvenile salmonids in the Clearwater River, Idaho, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 125: Pages 230 – 236.
S. G. Smith, W. D. Muir, E. E. Hockersmith, R. W. Zabel, R. J. Graves, C. V. Ross, W. P. Connor and B. D. Arnsberg, 2003 Influence of river conditions on survival and travel time of Snake River subyearling fall Chinook salmon, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 23: Pages 939 – 961.
W. A. Swenson and L. L. Smith, 1973 Gastric digestion, food consumption, feeding periodicity, and food conversion efficiency in walleye ( Stizostedion vitreum vitreum ), Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30: Pages 1327 – 1336.
R. A. Tabor, R. S. Shively and T. P. Poe, 1993 Predation on juvenile salmonids by smallmouth bass and northern squawfish in the Columbia River near Richland, Washington, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 13: Pages 831 – 838.
M. J. Unwin, 1986 Stream residence time, size characteristics, and migration patterns of juvenile Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) from a tributary of the Rakaia River, New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 20: Pages 221 – 252.
S. Vigg, T. P. Poe, L. A. Prendergast and H. C. Hansel, 1991 Rates of consumption of juvenile salmonids and alternative prey fish by northern squawfish, walleyes, smallmouth bass, and channel catfish in John Day Reservoir, Columbia River, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 120: Pages 421 – 438.
D. H. Wahl and L. A. Nielsen, 1985 Feeding ecology of the sauger ( Stizostedion canadense ) in a large river, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42: Pages 120 – 128.
D. M. Warner, C. S. Kiley, R. M. Claramunt and D. F. Clapp, 2008 The influence of alewife year‐class strength on prey selection and abundance of age‐1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 137: Pages 1683 – 1700.
D. W. Welch, E. L. Rechisky, M. C. Melnychuk, A. D. Porter, C. J. Walters, S. Clements, B. J. Clemens, R. S. McKinley and C. Schreck, 2008 Survival of migrating salmon smolts in large rivers with and without dams, PLoS (Public Library of Science) Biology [online serial], 6: Pages 2101 – 2108.
A. C. Wertheimer and F. P. Thrower, 2007, “ Mortality rates of chum salmon during their early marine residency ”, Pages 233 – 247. Edited by: C. B. Grimes, R. D. Brodeur, L. J. haldorson, S. M. McKinnell. In Ecology of juvenile salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: regional comparisons, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, Symposium 57.
D. J. Zafft, 1992. In Migration of wild Chinook and coho salmon smolts from the Pere Marquette River, Michigan, Michigan State University, East Lansing Master’s thesis.
C. Zippin, 1956 An evaluation of the removal method of estimating animal populations, Biometrics, 12: Pages 163 – 189.
C. Zippin, 1958 The removal method of population estimation, Journal of Wildlife Management, 22: Pages 82 – 90.
S. Achord, R. W. Zabel and B. P. Sandford, 2007 Migration timing, growth, and estimated parr‐to‐smolt survival rates of wild Snake River spring–summer Chinook salmon from the Salmon River basin, Idaho, to the lower Snake River, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 136: Pages 142 – 154.
E. Bannon and N. H. Ringler, 1986 Optimal prey size for stream resident brown trout ( Salmo trutta ): tests of predictives models, Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64: Pages 704 – 713.
T. D. Beacham and C. B. Murray, 1990 Temperature, egg size, and development of embryos and alevins of five species of Pacific salmon: a comparative analysis, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119: Pages 927 – 945.
R. C. Beamesderfer and B. E. Rieman, 1991 Abundance and distribution of northern squawfish, walleyes, and smallmouth bass in John Day Reservoir, Columbia River, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 120: Pages 439 – 447.
R. C. Beamesderfer, B. E. Rieman, L. J. Bledsoe and S. Vigg, 1990 Management implications of a model of predation by a resident fish on juvenile salmonids migrating through a Columbia River reservoir, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 10: Pages 290 – 304.
R. C. Beamesderfer, D. L. Ward and A. A. Nigro, 1996 Evaluation of the biological basis for a predator control program on northern squawfish ( Ptychocheilus oregonensis ) in the Columbia and Snake rivers, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53: Pages 2898 – 2908.
C. D. Becker, 1970. In Temperature, timing, and seaward migration of juvenile Chinook salmon from the central Columbia River, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Battelle Northwest, Richland, Washington, Research and Development Report BNWL‐1472.
M. J. Bradford, 1994 Trends in the abundance of Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) of the Nechako River, British Columbia, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51: Pages 965 – 973.
L. M. Carl, 1982 Natural reproduction of coho salmon and Chinook salmon in some Michigan streams, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 2: Pages 375 – 380.
L. M. Carl, 1984 Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) density, growth, mortality, and movement in two Lake Michigan tributaries, Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62: Pages 65 – 71.
G. S. Carter, T. F. Nalepa and R. R. Rediske, 2006 Status and trends of benthic populations in a coastal drowned river mouth lake of Lake Michigan, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 32: Pages 578 – 595.
D. W. Chapman, 1962 Aggressive behavior in juvenile coho salmon as a cause of emigration, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 19: Pages 1047 – 1080.
D. F. Clapp, J. Clevenger, D. Wesander‐Russel and R. Schorfhaar, 1998. In Chinook salmon population dynamics in Michigan’s waters of the Great Lakes, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, Lansing, Project F‐53‐R‐14/471–98.
W. P. Connor and H. L. Burge, 2003 Growth of wild subyearling fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 23: Pages 594 – 599.
M. J. Connerton, B. A. Murry, N. H. Ringler and D. J. Stewart, 2009 Majority of age‐3 Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) in Lake Ontario were wild from 1992–2005, based on scale pattern analysis, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 35: Pages 419 – 429.
B. Damsgård, 1995 Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), as prey for piscivorous fish: a model to predict prey vulnerabilities and prey size refuges, Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research, 71: Pages 190 – 196.
E. M. Dawley, R. D. Ledgerwood, T. H. Blahm, C. W. Sims, J. T. Durkin, R. A. Kirn, A. E. Rankis, G. E. Monan and F. J. Ossiander, 1986 Migrational characteristics, biological observations, and relative survival of juvenile salmonids entering the Columbia River estuary, 1966–1983, Final report to Bonneville Power Administration, Project 81–102, Seattle.
R. M. Day, 1991. In Population dynamics and early life history of Muskegon River walleyes, Michigan State University, East Lansing Master’s thesis.
R. L. Emmett, G. K. Krutzikowsky and P. Bentley, 2006 Abundance and distribution of pelagic piscivorous fishes in the Columbia River plume during spring–early summer 1998–2003: relationship to oceanographic conditions, forage fishes, and juvenile salmonids, Progress in Oceanography, 68: Pages 1 – 26.
A. H. Fayram and T. H. Sibley, 2000 Impact of predation by smallmouth bass on sockeye salmon in Lake Washington, Washington, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 20: Pages 81 – 89.
K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder and M. I. Carr, 2003 Predation by northern pikeminnow on hatchery and wild coho salmon smolts in the Chehalis River, Washington, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 23: Pages 1257 – 1264.
T. A. Friesen and D. L. Ward, 1999 Management of northern pikeminnow and implications for juvenile salmonid survival in the lower Columbia and Snake rivers, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 19: Pages 406 – 420.
N. A. Godby, E. S. Rutherford and D. M. Mason, 2007 Diet, feeding rate, growth, mortality, and production of juvenile steelhead in a Lake Michigan tributary, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 27: Pages 578 – 592.
P. A. Hanchin, R. P. O’Neal, R. D. Clark and R. N. Lockwood, 2007. In The walleye population and fishery of the Muskegon Lake system, Muskegon and Newaygo counties, Michigan, in 2002, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Ann Arbor, Fisheries Special Report 40.
C. J. Harvey and P. M. Kareiva, 2005 Community context and the influence of nonindigenous species on juvenile salmon survival in a Columbia River reservoir, Biological Invasions, 7: Pages 651 – 663.
E. He and W. A. Wurtsbaugh, 1993 An empirical model of gastric evacuation rates for fish and an analysis of digestion in piscivorous brown trout, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 122: Pages 717 – 730.
M. C. Healey, 1980 Utilization of the Nanaimo River estuary by juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Fishery Bulletin, 77: Pages 653 – 668.
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spelling ftumdeepblue:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/141027 2023-08-20T04:03:12+02:00 Influence of Predation Mortality on Survival of Chinook Salmon Parr in a Lake Michigan Tributary Krueger, Damon M. Rutherford, Edward S. Mason, Doran M. 2011-03 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/141027 https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.556991 unknown Taylor & Francis Group Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Krueger, Damon M.; Rutherford, Edward S.; Mason, Doran M. (2011). "Influence of Predation Mortality on Survival of Chinook Salmon Parr in a Lake Michigan Tributary." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140(1): 147-163. 0002-8487 1548-8659 https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/141027 doi:10.1080/00028487.2011.556991 Transactions of the American Fisheries Society B. E. Rieman and R. C. Beamesderfer, 1990 Dynamics of a northern squawfish population and the potential to reduce predation on juvenile salmonids in a Columbia River reservoir, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 10: Pages 228 – 241. B. E. Rieman, R. C. Beamesderfer, S. Vigg and T. P. Poe, 1991 Estimated loss of juvenile salmonids to predation by northern squawfish, walleyes, and smallmouth bass in John Day Reservoir, Columbia River, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 120: Pages 448 – 458. K. G. Seaburg, 1957 A stomach sampler for live fish, Progressive Fish‐Culturist, 19: Pages 137 – 139. P. W. Seelbach, 1985. In Smolt migration of wild and hatchery‐raised coho and Chinook salmon in a tributary of northern Lake Michigan, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Ann Arbor, Fisheries Research Report 1935. R. S. Shively, T. P. Poe and S. T. Sauter, 1996 Feeding response by northern squawfish to a hatchery release of juvenile salmonids in the Clearwater River, Idaho, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 125: Pages 230 – 236. S. G. Smith, W. D. Muir, E. E. Hockersmith, R. W. Zabel, R. J. Graves, C. V. Ross, W. P. Connor and B. D. Arnsberg, 2003 Influence of river conditions on survival and travel time of Snake River subyearling fall Chinook salmon, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 23: Pages 939 – 961. W. A. Swenson and L. L. Smith, 1973 Gastric digestion, food consumption, feeding periodicity, and food conversion efficiency in walleye ( Stizostedion vitreum vitreum ), Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30: Pages 1327 – 1336. R. A. Tabor, R. S. Shively and T. P. Poe, 1993 Predation on juvenile salmonids by smallmouth bass and northern squawfish in the Columbia River near Richland, Washington, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 13: Pages 831 – 838. M. J. Unwin, 1986 Stream residence time, size characteristics, and migration patterns of juvenile Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) from a tributary of the Rakaia River, New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 20: Pages 221 – 252. S. Vigg, T. P. Poe, L. A. Prendergast and H. C. Hansel, 1991 Rates of consumption of juvenile salmonids and alternative prey fish by northern squawfish, walleyes, smallmouth bass, and channel catfish in John Day Reservoir, Columbia River, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 120: Pages 421 – 438. D. H. Wahl and L. A. Nielsen, 1985 Feeding ecology of the sauger ( Stizostedion canadense ) in a large river, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42: Pages 120 – 128. D. M. Warner, C. S. Kiley, R. M. Claramunt and D. F. Clapp, 2008 The influence of alewife year‐class strength on prey selection and abundance of age‐1 Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 137: Pages 1683 – 1700. D. W. Welch, E. L. Rechisky, M. C. Melnychuk, A. D. Porter, C. J. Walters, S. Clements, B. J. Clemens, R. S. McKinley and C. Schreck, 2008 Survival of migrating salmon smolts in large rivers with and without dams, PLoS (Public Library of Science) Biology [online serial], 6: Pages 2101 – 2108. A. C. Wertheimer and F. P. Thrower, 2007, “ Mortality rates of chum salmon during their early marine residency ”, Pages 233 – 247. Edited by: C. B. Grimes, R. D. Brodeur, L. J. haldorson, S. M. McKinnell. In Ecology of juvenile salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: regional comparisons, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, Symposium 57. D. J. Zafft, 1992. In Migration of wild Chinook and coho salmon smolts from the Pere Marquette River, Michigan, Michigan State University, East Lansing Master’s thesis. C. Zippin, 1956 An evaluation of the removal method of estimating animal populations, Biometrics, 12: Pages 163 – 189. C. Zippin, 1958 The removal method of population estimation, Journal of Wildlife Management, 22: Pages 82 – 90. S. Achord, R. W. Zabel and B. P. Sandford, 2007 Migration timing, growth, and estimated parr‐to‐smolt survival rates of wild Snake River spring–summer Chinook salmon from the Salmon River basin, Idaho, to the lower Snake River, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 136: Pages 142 – 154. E. Bannon and N. H. Ringler, 1986 Optimal prey size for stream resident brown trout ( Salmo trutta ): tests of predictives models, Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64: Pages 704 – 713. T. D. Beacham and C. B. Murray, 1990 Temperature, egg size, and development of embryos and alevins of five species of Pacific salmon: a comparative analysis, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119: Pages 927 – 945. R. C. Beamesderfer and B. E. Rieman, 1991 Abundance and distribution of northern squawfish, walleyes, and smallmouth bass in John Day Reservoir, Columbia River, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 120: Pages 439 – 447. R. C. Beamesderfer, B. E. Rieman, L. J. Bledsoe and S. Vigg, 1990 Management implications of a model of predation by a resident fish on juvenile salmonids migrating through a Columbia River reservoir, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 10: Pages 290 – 304. R. C. Beamesderfer, D. L. Ward and A. A. Nigro, 1996 Evaluation of the biological basis for a predator control program on northern squawfish ( Ptychocheilus oregonensis ) in the Columbia and Snake rivers, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53: Pages 2898 – 2908. C. D. Becker, 1970. In Temperature, timing, and seaward migration of juvenile Chinook salmon from the central Columbia River, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Battelle Northwest, Richland, Washington, Research and Development Report BNWL‐1472. M. J. Bradford, 1994 Trends in the abundance of Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) of the Nechako River, British Columbia, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51: Pages 965 – 973. L. M. Carl, 1982 Natural reproduction of coho salmon and Chinook salmon in some Michigan streams, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 2: Pages 375 – 380. L. M. Carl, 1984 Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) density, growth, mortality, and movement in two Lake Michigan tributaries, Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62: Pages 65 – 71. G. S. Carter, T. F. Nalepa and R. R. Rediske, 2006 Status and trends of benthic populations in a coastal drowned river mouth lake of Lake Michigan, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 32: Pages 578 – 595. D. W. Chapman, 1962 Aggressive behavior in juvenile coho salmon as a cause of emigration, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 19: Pages 1047 – 1080. D. F. Clapp, J. Clevenger, D. Wesander‐Russel and R. Schorfhaar, 1998. In Chinook salmon population dynamics in Michigan’s waters of the Great Lakes, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, Lansing, Project F‐53‐R‐14/471–98. W. P. Connor and H. L. Burge, 2003 Growth of wild subyearling fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 23: Pages 594 – 599. M. J. Connerton, B. A. Murry, N. H. Ringler and D. J. Stewart, 2009 Majority of age‐3 Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) in Lake Ontario were wild from 1992–2005, based on scale pattern analysis, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 35: Pages 419 – 429. B. Damsgård, 1995 Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), as prey for piscivorous fish: a model to predict prey vulnerabilities and prey size refuges, Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research, 71: Pages 190 – 196. E. M. Dawley, R. D. Ledgerwood, T. H. Blahm, C. W. Sims, J. T. Durkin, R. A. Kirn, A. E. Rankis, G. E. Monan and F. J. Ossiander, 1986 Migrational characteristics, biological observations, and relative survival of juvenile salmonids entering the Columbia River estuary, 1966–1983, Final report to Bonneville Power Administration, Project 81–102, Seattle. R. M. Day, 1991. In Population dynamics and early life history of Muskegon River walleyes, Michigan State University, East Lansing Master’s thesis. R. L. Emmett, G. K. Krutzikowsky and P. Bentley, 2006 Abundance and distribution of pelagic piscivorous fishes in the Columbia River plume during spring–early summer 1998–2003: relationship to oceanographic conditions, forage fishes, and juvenile salmonids, Progress in Oceanography, 68: Pages 1 – 26. A. H. Fayram and T. H. Sibley, 2000 Impact of predation by smallmouth bass on sockeye salmon in Lake Washington, Washington, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 20: Pages 81 – 89. K. L. Fresh, S. L. Schroder and M. I. Carr, 2003 Predation by northern pikeminnow on hatchery and wild coho salmon smolts in the Chehalis River, Washington, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 23: Pages 1257 – 1264. T. A. Friesen and D. L. Ward, 1999 Management of northern pikeminnow and implications for juvenile salmonid survival in the lower Columbia and Snake rivers, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 19: Pages 406 – 420. N. A. Godby, E. S. Rutherford and D. M. Mason, 2007 Diet, feeding rate, growth, mortality, and production of juvenile steelhead in a Lake Michigan tributary, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 27: Pages 578 – 592. P. A. Hanchin, R. P. O’Neal, R. D. Clark and R. N. Lockwood, 2007. In The walleye population and fishery of the Muskegon Lake system, Muskegon and Newaygo counties, Michigan, in 2002, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Ann Arbor, Fisheries Special Report 40. C. J. Harvey and P. M. Kareiva, 2005 Community context and the influence of nonindigenous species on juvenile salmon survival in a Columbia River reservoir, Biological Invasions, 7: Pages 651 – 663. E. He and W. A. Wurtsbaugh, 1993 An empirical model of gastric evacuation rates for fish and an analysis of digestion in piscivorous brown trout, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 122: Pages 717 – 730. M. C. Healey, 1980 Utilization of the Nanaimo River estuary by juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Fishery Bulletin, 77: Pages 653 – 668. IndexNoFollow Natural Resources and Environment Science Article 2011 ftumdeepblue https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.556991 2023-07-31T21:00:59Z Predation mortality among Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha parr can act at small spatiotemporal scales and cause variability in parr survival and potential recruitment. We analyzed predator diets and multiplied per capita consumption rates by predator population estimates to evaluate the relative effect of predation by stocked sport fishes on the variability in survival of Chinook salmon parr in the Muskegon River, Michigan, from 2004 to 2007. Brown trout Salmo trutta were a major predator of Chinook salmon parr, consuming from 15% to 34% of the total number available, while walleyes Sander vitreus consumed from 0.2% to 15%. Walleyes also consumed large quantities of brown trout and rainbow trout O. mykiss. Brown trout predation on Chinook salmon parr was largely dependent on parr size, while walleye predation was buffered by the availability of rainbow trout and brown trout. Predation mortality appeared to be responsible for a more than three‐fold difference in the survival of Chinook salmon parr in the Muskegon River. The vulnerability of Chinook salmon parr to predation appeared to be controlled by parr growth rates, brown trout stocking dates, and the number of brown trout stocked. Fishery regulations to manipulate piscivore abundance may lead to higher survival and lower variability in the survival of Chinook salmon parr. Peer Reviewed https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141027/1/tafs0147.pdf Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic University of Michigan: Deep Blue Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140 1 147 163

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