Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15N

Peer Reviewed http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116351/1/ecm2010802331.pdf

Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ecological Monographs
Main Authors: Yano, Yuriko, Shaver, Gaius R., Giblin, Anne E., Rastetter, Edward B., Nadelhoffer, Knute J.
Other Authors: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA, Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 USA
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:unknown
Published: Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2010
Subjects:
total dissolved N
arctic tundra watershed
downhill transport of nitrogen
hydrolyzable amino acids
hydrolyzable amino sugars
mosses
N dynamics
N immobilization
N leaching
N limitation
snowmelt
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Science
Arctic
Tundra
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116351
https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0773.1
id ftumdeepblue:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/116351
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection University of Michigan: Deep Blue
op_collection_id ftumdeepblue
language unknown
topic total dissolved N
arctic tundra watershed
downhill transport of nitrogen
hydrolyzable amino acids
hydrolyzable amino sugars
mosses
N dynamics
N immobilization
N leaching
N limitation
snowmelt
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Science
spellingShingle total dissolved N
arctic tundra watershed
downhill transport of nitrogen
hydrolyzable amino acids
hydrolyzable amino sugars
mosses
N dynamics
N immobilization
N leaching
N limitation
snowmelt
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Science
Yano, Yuriko
Shaver, Gaius R.
Giblin, Anne E.
Rastetter, Edward B.
Nadelhoffer, Knute J.
Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15N
topic_facet total dissolved N
arctic tundra watershed
downhill transport of nitrogen
hydrolyzable amino acids
hydrolyzable amino sugars
mosses
N dynamics
N immobilization
N leaching
N limitation
snowmelt
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Science
description Peer Reviewed http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116351/1/ecm2010802331.pdf
author2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 USA
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Yano, Yuriko
Shaver, Gaius R.
Giblin, Anne E.
Rastetter, Edward B.
Nadelhoffer, Knute J.
author_facet Yano, Yuriko
Shaver, Gaius R.
Giblin, Anne E.
Rastetter, Edward B.
Nadelhoffer, Knute J.
author_sort Yano, Yuriko
title Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15N
title_short Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15N
title_full Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15N
title_fullStr Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15N
title_full_unstemmed Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15N
title_sort nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15n
publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
publishDate 2010
url https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116351
https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0773.1
geographic Arctic
geographic_facet Arctic
genre Arctic
Arctic
Tundra
genre_facet Arctic
Arctic
Tundra
op_relation Yano, Yuriko; Shaver, Gaius R.; Giblin, Anne E.; Rastetter, Edward B.; Nadelhoffer, Knute J. (2010). "Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15N." Ecological Monographs 80(2): 331-351.
0012-9615
1557-7015
https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116351
doi:10.1890/08-0773.1
Ecological Monographs
Rastetter, E. B., S. S. Perakis, G. R. Shaver, and G. I. Ågren. 2005. Terrestrial C sequestration at elevated CO 2 and temperature: the role of dissolved organic N loss. Ecological Applications 15: 71 – 86.
Marion, G. M., P. C. Miller, and C. H. Black. 1987. Competition for tracer 15 N in tussock tundra ecosystems. Holarctic Ecology 10: 230 – 234.
Mulvaney, R. L. and S. A. Khan. 2001. Diffusion methods to determine different forms of nitrogen in soil hydrolysates. Soil Science Society of America Journal 65: 1284 – 1292.
Myrold, D. D. 1998. Transformations of nitrogen. Pages 259 – 294. in Sylvia, D. M., et aleditors. Prentice-Hall. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.
Nadelhoffer, K. J., M. R. Downs, and B. Fry. 1999. Sinks for 15 N-enriched additions to an oak forest and a red pine plantation. Ecological Applications 9: 72 – 86.
Nadelhoffer, K. J., A. E. Giblin, G. R. Shaver, and J. A. Laundre. 1991. Effects of temperature and substrate quality on element mineralization in six arctic soils. Ecology 72: 242 – 253.
Neff, J. C., F. S. Chapin III, and P. M. Vitousek. 2003. Breaks in the cycle: dissolved organic nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1: 205 – 211.
Newbold, J. D., R. V. O'Neill, J. W. Elwood, and W. van Winkle. 1982. Nutrients spiralling in streams: implications for nutrient limitation and invertebrate activity. American Naturalist 120: 628 – 652.
Nordin, A., I. K. Schmidt, and G. R. Shaver. 2004. Nitrogen uptake by arctic soil microbes and plants in relation to soil nitrogen supply. Ecology 85: 955 – 962.
Perakis, S. S. and L. O. Hedin. 2001. Fluxes and fates of nitrogen in soil of an unpolluted old-growth temperate forest, southern Chile. Ecology 82: 2245 – 2260.
Perakis, S. S. and L. O. Hedin. 2002. Nitrogen loss from unpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds. Nature 415: 416 – 419.
Press, M. C. and J. A. Lee. 1982. Nitrate reductase activity of Sphagnum species in the South Pennines. New Phytologist 92: 487 – 494.
Rastetter, E. B., B. L. Kwiatkowski, S. Le Dizes, and J. E. Hobbie. 2004. The role of down-slope water and nutrient fluxes in the response of Arctic hill slopes to climate change. Biogeochemistry 69: 37 – 62.
Schimel, J. P. and F. S. Chapin III. 1996. Tundra plant uptake of amino acid and NH 4 + nitrogen in situ: plants compete well for amino acid N. Ecology 77: 2142 – 2147.
Schmidt, I. K., S. Jonasson, G. R. Shaver, A. Michelsen, and A. Nordin. 2002. Mineralization and distribution of nutrients in plants and microbes in four arctic ecosystems: responses to warming. Plant and Soil 242: 93 – 106.
Serreze, M. C., J. E. Walsh, F. S. Chapin III, T. Osterkamp, M. Dyurgerov, V. Romanovsky, W. C. Oechel, J. Morison, T. Zhang, and R. G. Barry. 2000. Observational evidence of recent change in the northern high latitude environment. Climate Change 46: 159 – 207.
Shaver, G. R., W. D. Billings, F. S. Chapin III, A. E. Giblin, K. J. Nadelhoffer, W. C. Oechel, and E. B. Rastetter. 1992. Global change and the carbon balance of arctic ecosystems. BioScience 42: 433 – 441.
Shaver, G. R., S. M. Bret-Harte, M. H. Jones, J. Johnstone, L. Gough, J. Laundre, and F. S. Chapin. 2001. Species composition interacts with fertilizer to control long-term change in tundra productivity. Ecology 82: 3163 – 3181.
Shaver, G. R. and F. S. Chapin III. 1991. Production/biomass relationships and element cycling in contrasting arctic vegetation types. Ecological Monographs 61: 1 – 31.
Sigman, D. M., M. A. Altabet, R. Michener, D. C. McCorkle, B. Fry, and R. M. Holmes. 1997. Natural abundance-level measurement of the nitrogen isotopic composition of oceanic nitrate: an adaptation of the ammonia diffusion method. Marine Chemistry 57: 277 – 242.
Solozano, L. and J. H. Sharp. 1980. Determination of total dissolved nitrogen in natural waters. Limnology and Oceanography 25: 751 – 754.
Stepanauskas, R., H. Laudon, and N. O. G. Jørgensen. 2000. High DON bioavailability in boreal streams during a spring flood. Limnology and Oceanography 45: 1289 – 1307.
Stone, R. S., E. G. Dutton, J. M. Harris, and D. Longnecker. 2002. Earlier spring snowmelt in northern Alaska as an indicator of climate change. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 (D10): 4089.
Sturm, M., C. Racine, and K. Tape. 2001. Increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic. Nature 411: 546 – 547.
Thorn, K. A. and M. A. Mikita. 1992. Ammonia fixation by humic substances: a nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 NMR study. Science of the Total Environment 113: 67 – 87.
Turetsky, M. R. 2003. The role of bryophytes in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Bryologist 106: 395 – 409.
Vitousek, P. M., L. O. Hedin, P. A. Matson, J. H. Fownes, and J. Neff. 1998. Within-system element cycles, input–output budgets, and nutrient limitation. Pages 432 – 451. in Pace, M. L. and P. M. Groffman. editors. Successes, limitations, and frontiers in ecosystem science. Springer-Verlag. New York, New York, USA.
Walker, D. A. and M. D. Walker. 1996. Terrain and vegetation of the Imnavait Creek watershed. Pages 73 – 108. in Reynolds, J. F. and J. D. Tenhunen. editors. Landscape function and disturbance in arctic tundra, Ecological Studies 120. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.
Weintraub, M. N. and J. P. Schimel. 2005. The seasonal dynamics of amino acids and other nutrients in Alaskan Arctic tundra soils. Biogeochemistry 73: 359 – 380.
Zang, X., J. D. H. van Heemst, K. J. Dria, and P. G. Hatcher. 2000. Encapsulation of protein in humic acid from a histosol as an explanation for the occurrence of organic nitrogen in soil and sediment. Organic Geochemistry 31: 679 – 695.
Zhang, X., W. Amelung, Y. Yuan, S. Samson-Liebig, L. Brown, and W. Zech. 1999. Land-use effects on amino sugars in particle size fractions of an Argiudoll. Applied Soil Ecology 11: 271 – 275.
Aerts, R., J. T. A. Verhoeven, and D. F. Whigham. 1999. Plant-mediated controls on nutrient cycling in temperate fens and bogs. Ecology 80: 2170 – 2181.
Alexander-Ozinskas, M. O. 2008. Denitrification contributes to nitrogen loss in fertilized arctic tundra sites. Thesis. Brown University. Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Brookes, P. C., A. Landman, G. Pruden, and D. S. Jenkinson. 1985. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17: 837 – 842.
Brooks, P. D., J. M. Stark, B. B. McInteer, and T. Preston. 1989. Diffusion method to prepare soil extracts for automated nitrogen-15 analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53: 1707 – 1711.
Brooks, P. D., M. W. Williams, and S. K. Schmidt. 1998. Inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics before and during spring snowmelt. Biogeochemistry 43: 1 – 15.
Cabrera, M. L. and M. H. Beare. 1993. Alkaline persulfate oxidation for determining total nitrogen in microbial biomass extracts. Soil Science Society of America Journal 57: 1007 – 1012.
Chapin III, F. S., N. Fetcher, K. Kielland, K. Everett, and A. E. Linkins. 1988. Productivity and nutrient cycling of Alaskan tundra: enhancement by flowing soil water. Ecology 69: 693 – 702.
Chapin III, F. S., G. R. Shaver, A. E. Giblin, K. J. Nadelhoffer, and J. A. Laundre. 1995. Responses of arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. Ecology 76: 694 – 711.
Clemmensen, K. E., P. L. Sorensen, A. Michelsen, S. Jonasson, and L. Ström. 2008. Site-dependent N uptake from N-form mixtures by arctic plants, soil microbes and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Oecologia 155: 771 – 783.
Clymo, R. S. 1963. Ion exchange in Sphagnum and its relation to bog ecology. Annals of Botany 27: 309 – 324.
Currie, W. S., K. J. Nadelhoffer, and J. D. Aber. 1999. Soil detrital processes controlling the movement of 15 N tracers to forest vegetation. Ecological Applications 9: 87 – 102.
Dijkstra, P., A. Ishizu, R. R. Doucett, S. C. Hart, E. Schwartz, O. V. Menyailo, and B. A. Hungate. 2006. 13 C and 15 N natural abundances of the soil microbial biomass. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38: 3257 – 3266.
Dijkstra, P., C. M. LaViolette, J. S. Coyle, R. R. Doucett, E. Schwartz, S. C. Hart, and B. A. Hungate. 2008. 15 N enrichment as an integrator of the effects of C and N on microbial metabolism and ecosystem function. Ecological Letters 11: 389 – 397.
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spelling ftumdeepblue:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/116351 2023-08-20T04:03:07+02:00 Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15N Yano, Yuriko Shaver, Gaius R. Giblin, Anne E. Rastetter, Edward B. Nadelhoffer, Knute J. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 USA 2010-05 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116351 https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0773.1 unknown Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Ecological Society of America Yano, Yuriko; Shaver, Gaius R.; Giblin, Anne E.; Rastetter, Edward B.; Nadelhoffer, Knute J. (2010). "Nitrogen dynamics in a small arctic watershed: retention and downhill movement of 15N." Ecological Monographs 80(2): 331-351. 0012-9615 1557-7015 https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116351 doi:10.1890/08-0773.1 Ecological Monographs Rastetter, E. B., S. S. Perakis, G. R. Shaver, and G. I. Ågren. 2005. Terrestrial C sequestration at elevated CO 2 and temperature: the role of dissolved organic N loss. Ecological Applications 15: 71 – 86. Marion, G. M., P. C. Miller, and C. H. Black. 1987. Competition for tracer 15 N in tussock tundra ecosystems. Holarctic Ecology 10: 230 – 234. Mulvaney, R. L. and S. A. Khan. 2001. Diffusion methods to determine different forms of nitrogen in soil hydrolysates. Soil Science Society of America Journal 65: 1284 – 1292. Myrold, D. D. 1998. Transformations of nitrogen. Pages 259 – 294. in Sylvia, D. M., et aleditors. Prentice-Hall. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. Nadelhoffer, K. J., M. R. Downs, and B. Fry. 1999. Sinks for 15 N-enriched additions to an oak forest and a red pine plantation. Ecological Applications 9: 72 – 86. Nadelhoffer, K. J., A. E. Giblin, G. R. Shaver, and J. A. Laundre. 1991. Effects of temperature and substrate quality on element mineralization in six arctic soils. Ecology 72: 242 – 253. Neff, J. C., F. S. Chapin III, and P. M. Vitousek. 2003. Breaks in the cycle: dissolved organic nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1: 205 – 211. Newbold, J. D., R. V. O'Neill, J. W. Elwood, and W. van Winkle. 1982. Nutrients spiralling in streams: implications for nutrient limitation and invertebrate activity. American Naturalist 120: 628 – 652. Nordin, A., I. K. Schmidt, and G. R. Shaver. 2004. Nitrogen uptake by arctic soil microbes and plants in relation to soil nitrogen supply. Ecology 85: 955 – 962. Perakis, S. S. and L. O. Hedin. 2001. Fluxes and fates of nitrogen in soil of an unpolluted old-growth temperate forest, southern Chile. Ecology 82: 2245 – 2260. Perakis, S. S. and L. O. Hedin. 2002. Nitrogen loss from unpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds. Nature 415: 416 – 419. Press, M. C. and J. A. Lee. 1982. Nitrate reductase activity of Sphagnum species in the South Pennines. New Phytologist 92: 487 – 494. Rastetter, E. B., B. L. Kwiatkowski, S. Le Dizes, and J. E. Hobbie. 2004. The role of down-slope water and nutrient fluxes in the response of Arctic hill slopes to climate change. Biogeochemistry 69: 37 – 62. Schimel, J. P. and F. S. Chapin III. 1996. Tundra plant uptake of amino acid and NH 4 + nitrogen in situ: plants compete well for amino acid N. Ecology 77: 2142 – 2147. Schmidt, I. K., S. Jonasson, G. R. Shaver, A. Michelsen, and A. Nordin. 2002. Mineralization and distribution of nutrients in plants and microbes in four arctic ecosystems: responses to warming. Plant and Soil 242: 93 – 106. Serreze, M. C., J. E. Walsh, F. S. Chapin III, T. Osterkamp, M. Dyurgerov, V. Romanovsky, W. C. Oechel, J. Morison, T. Zhang, and R. G. Barry. 2000. Observational evidence of recent change in the northern high latitude environment. Climate Change 46: 159 – 207. Shaver, G. R., W. D. Billings, F. S. Chapin III, A. E. Giblin, K. J. Nadelhoffer, W. C. Oechel, and E. B. Rastetter. 1992. Global change and the carbon balance of arctic ecosystems. BioScience 42: 433 – 441. Shaver, G. R., S. M. Bret-Harte, M. H. Jones, J. Johnstone, L. Gough, J. Laundre, and F. S. Chapin. 2001. Species composition interacts with fertilizer to control long-term change in tundra productivity. Ecology 82: 3163 – 3181. Shaver, G. R. and F. S. Chapin III. 1991. Production/biomass relationships and element cycling in contrasting arctic vegetation types. Ecological Monographs 61: 1 – 31. Sigman, D. M., M. A. Altabet, R. Michener, D. C. McCorkle, B. Fry, and R. M. Holmes. 1997. Natural abundance-level measurement of the nitrogen isotopic composition of oceanic nitrate: an adaptation of the ammonia diffusion method. Marine Chemistry 57: 277 – 242. Solozano, L. and J. H. Sharp. 1980. Determination of total dissolved nitrogen in natural waters. Limnology and Oceanography 25: 751 – 754. Stepanauskas, R., H. Laudon, and N. O. G. Jørgensen. 2000. High DON bioavailability in boreal streams during a spring flood. Limnology and Oceanography 45: 1289 – 1307. Stone, R. S., E. G. Dutton, J. M. Harris, and D. Longnecker. 2002. Earlier spring snowmelt in northern Alaska as an indicator of climate change. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 (D10): 4089. Sturm, M., C. Racine, and K. Tape. 2001. Increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic. Nature 411: 546 – 547. Thorn, K. A. and M. A. Mikita. 1992. Ammonia fixation by humic substances: a nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 NMR study. Science of the Total Environment 113: 67 – 87. Turetsky, M. R. 2003. The role of bryophytes in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Bryologist 106: 395 – 409. Vitousek, P. M., L. O. Hedin, P. A. Matson, J. H. Fownes, and J. Neff. 1998. Within-system element cycles, input–output budgets, and nutrient limitation. Pages 432 – 451. in Pace, M. L. and P. M. Groffman. editors. Successes, limitations, and frontiers in ecosystem science. Springer-Verlag. New York, New York, USA. Walker, D. A. and M. D. Walker. 1996. Terrain and vegetation of the Imnavait Creek watershed. Pages 73 – 108. in Reynolds, J. F. and J. D. Tenhunen. editors. Landscape function and disturbance in arctic tundra, Ecological Studies 120. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany. Weintraub, M. N. and J. P. Schimel. 2005. The seasonal dynamics of amino acids and other nutrients in Alaskan Arctic tundra soils. Biogeochemistry 73: 359 – 380. Zang, X., J. D. H. van Heemst, K. J. Dria, and P. G. Hatcher. 2000. Encapsulation of protein in humic acid from a histosol as an explanation for the occurrence of organic nitrogen in soil and sediment. Organic Geochemistry 31: 679 – 695. Zhang, X., W. Amelung, Y. Yuan, S. Samson-Liebig, L. Brown, and W. Zech. 1999. Land-use effects on amino sugars in particle size fractions of an Argiudoll. Applied Soil Ecology 11: 271 – 275. Aerts, R., J. T. A. Verhoeven, and D. F. Whigham. 1999. Plant-mediated controls on nutrient cycling in temperate fens and bogs. Ecology 80: 2170 – 2181. Alexander-Ozinskas, M. O. 2008. Denitrification contributes to nitrogen loss in fertilized arctic tundra sites. Thesis. Brown University. Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Brookes, P. C., A. Landman, G. Pruden, and D. S. Jenkinson. 1985. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17: 837 – 842. Brooks, P. D., J. M. Stark, B. B. McInteer, and T. Preston. 1989. Diffusion method to prepare soil extracts for automated nitrogen-15 analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53: 1707 – 1711. Brooks, P. D., M. W. Williams, and S. K. Schmidt. 1998. Inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics before and during spring snowmelt. Biogeochemistry 43: 1 – 15. Cabrera, M. L. and M. H. Beare. 1993. Alkaline persulfate oxidation for determining total nitrogen in microbial biomass extracts. Soil Science Society of America Journal 57: 1007 – 1012. Chapin III, F. S., N. Fetcher, K. Kielland, K. Everett, and A. E. Linkins. 1988. Productivity and nutrient cycling of Alaskan tundra: enhancement by flowing soil water. Ecology 69: 693 – 702. Chapin III, F. S., G. R. Shaver, A. E. Giblin, K. J. Nadelhoffer, and J. A. Laundre. 1995. Responses of arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. Ecology 76: 694 – 711. Clemmensen, K. E., P. L. Sorensen, A. Michelsen, S. Jonasson, and L. Ström. 2008. Site-dependent N uptake from N-form mixtures by arctic plants, soil microbes and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Oecologia 155: 771 – 783. Clymo, R. S. 1963. Ion exchange in Sphagnum and its relation to bog ecology. Annals of Botany 27: 309 – 324. Currie, W. S., K. J. Nadelhoffer, and J. D. Aber. 1999. Soil detrital processes controlling the movement of 15 N tracers to forest vegetation. Ecological Applications 9: 87 – 102. Dijkstra, P., A. Ishizu, R. R. Doucett, S. C. Hart, E. Schwartz, O. V. Menyailo, and B. A. Hungate. 2006. 13 C and 15 N natural abundances of the soil microbial biomass. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38: 3257 – 3266. Dijkstra, P., C. M. LaViolette, J. S. Coyle, R. R. Doucett, E. Schwartz, S. C. Hart, and B. A. Hungate. 2008. 15 N enrichment as an integrator of the effects of C and N on microbial metabolism and ecosystem function. Ecological Letters 11: 389 – 397. IndexNoFollow total dissolved N arctic tundra watershed downhill transport of nitrogen hydrolyzable amino acids hydrolyzable amino sugars mosses N dynamics N immobilization N leaching N limitation snowmelt Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Science Article 2010 ftumdeepblue https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0773.1 2023-07-31T21:08:34Z Peer Reviewed http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116351/1/ecm2010802331.pdf Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Tundra University of Michigan: Deep Blue Arctic Ecological Monographs 80 2 331 351

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