Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome
Recent observations of changes in some tundra ecosystems appear to be responses to a warming climate. Several experimental studies have shown that tundra plants and ecosystems can respond strongly to environmental change, including warming; however, most studies were limited to a single location and...
Published in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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ftumanchesterpub:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/5dcc03e0-e1e5-45da-a3e5-3b6a5f28c734 2023-11-12T04:13:34+01:00 Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome Walker, Marilyn D. Wahren, C. Henrik Hollister, Robert D. Henry, Greg H R Ahlquist, Lorraine E. Alatalo, Juha M. Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia Calef, Monika P. Callaghan, Terry V. Carroll, Amy B. Epstein, Howard E. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. Klein, Julia A. Magnússon, Borgb̧ór Molau, Ulf Oberbauer, Steven F. Rewa, Steven P. Robinson, Clare H. Shaver, Gaius R. Suding, Katharine N. Thompson, Catharine C. Tolvanen, Anne Totland, Ørjan Turner, P. Lee Tweedie, Craig E. Webber, Patrick J. Wookey, Philip A. 2006-01-31 https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/5dcc03e0-e1e5-45da-a3e5-3b6a5f28c734 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503198103 eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Walker , M D , Wahren , C H , Hollister , R D , Henry , G H R , Ahlquist , L E , Alatalo , J M , Bret-Harte , M S , Calef , M P , Callaghan , T V , Carroll , A B , Epstein , H E , Jónsdóttir , I S , Klein , J A , Magnússon , B , Molau , U , Oberbauer , S F , Rewa , S P , Robinson , C H , Shaver , G R , Suding , K N , Thompson , C C , Tolvanen , A , Totland , Ø , Turner , P L , Tweedie , C E , Webber , P J & Wookey , P A 2006 , ' Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 103 , no. 5 , pp. 1342-1346 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503198103 Arctic and alpine ecosystems Biodiversity Climate change Vegetation change article 2006 ftumanchesterpub https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503198103 2023-10-30T09:11:20Z Recent observations of changes in some tundra ecosystems appear to be responses to a warming climate. Several experimental studies have shown that tundra plants and ecosystems can respond strongly to environmental change, including warming; however, most studies were limited to a single location and were of short duration and based on a variety of experimental designs. In addition, comparisons among studies are difficult because a variety of techniques have been used to achieve experimental warming and different measurements have been used to assess responses. We used metaanalysis on plant community measurements from standardized warming experiments at 11 locations across the tundra biome involved in the International Tundra Experiment. The passive warming treatment increased plant-level air temperature by 1-3°C, which is in the range of predicted and observed warming for tundra regions. Responses were rapid and detected in whole plant communities after only two growing seasons. Overall, warming increased height and cover of deciduous shrubs and graminoids, decreased cover of mosses and lichens, and decreased species diversity and evenness. These results predict that warming will cause a decline in biodiversity across a wide variety of tundra, at least in the short term. They also provide rigorous experimental evidence that recently observed increases in shrub cover in many tundra regions are in response to climate warming. These changes have important implications for processes and interactions within tundra ecosystems and between tundra and the atmosphere. © 2006 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Tundra The University of Manchester: Research Explorer Arctic Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 5 1342 1346 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
The University of Manchester: Research Explorer |
op_collection_id |
ftumanchesterpub |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic and alpine ecosystems Biodiversity Climate change Vegetation change |
spellingShingle |
Arctic and alpine ecosystems Biodiversity Climate change Vegetation change Walker, Marilyn D. Wahren, C. Henrik Hollister, Robert D. Henry, Greg H R Ahlquist, Lorraine E. Alatalo, Juha M. Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia Calef, Monika P. Callaghan, Terry V. Carroll, Amy B. Epstein, Howard E. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. Klein, Julia A. Magnússon, Borgb̧ór Molau, Ulf Oberbauer, Steven F. Rewa, Steven P. Robinson, Clare H. Shaver, Gaius R. Suding, Katharine N. Thompson, Catharine C. Tolvanen, Anne Totland, Ørjan Turner, P. Lee Tweedie, Craig E. Webber, Patrick J. Wookey, Philip A. Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome |
topic_facet |
Arctic and alpine ecosystems Biodiversity Climate change Vegetation change |
description |
Recent observations of changes in some tundra ecosystems appear to be responses to a warming climate. Several experimental studies have shown that tundra plants and ecosystems can respond strongly to environmental change, including warming; however, most studies were limited to a single location and were of short duration and based on a variety of experimental designs. In addition, comparisons among studies are difficult because a variety of techniques have been used to achieve experimental warming and different measurements have been used to assess responses. We used metaanalysis on plant community measurements from standardized warming experiments at 11 locations across the tundra biome involved in the International Tundra Experiment. The passive warming treatment increased plant-level air temperature by 1-3°C, which is in the range of predicted and observed warming for tundra regions. Responses were rapid and detected in whole plant communities after only two growing seasons. Overall, warming increased height and cover of deciduous shrubs and graminoids, decreased cover of mosses and lichens, and decreased species diversity and evenness. These results predict that warming will cause a decline in biodiversity across a wide variety of tundra, at least in the short term. They also provide rigorous experimental evidence that recently observed increases in shrub cover in many tundra regions are in response to climate warming. These changes have important implications for processes and interactions within tundra ecosystems and between tundra and the atmosphere. © 2006 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Walker, Marilyn D. Wahren, C. Henrik Hollister, Robert D. Henry, Greg H R Ahlquist, Lorraine E. Alatalo, Juha M. Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia Calef, Monika P. Callaghan, Terry V. Carroll, Amy B. Epstein, Howard E. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. Klein, Julia A. Magnússon, Borgb̧ór Molau, Ulf Oberbauer, Steven F. Rewa, Steven P. Robinson, Clare H. Shaver, Gaius R. Suding, Katharine N. Thompson, Catharine C. Tolvanen, Anne Totland, Ørjan Turner, P. Lee Tweedie, Craig E. Webber, Patrick J. Wookey, Philip A. |
author_facet |
Walker, Marilyn D. Wahren, C. Henrik Hollister, Robert D. Henry, Greg H R Ahlquist, Lorraine E. Alatalo, Juha M. Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia Calef, Monika P. Callaghan, Terry V. Carroll, Amy B. Epstein, Howard E. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. Klein, Julia A. Magnússon, Borgb̧ór Molau, Ulf Oberbauer, Steven F. Rewa, Steven P. Robinson, Clare H. Shaver, Gaius R. Suding, Katharine N. Thompson, Catharine C. Tolvanen, Anne Totland, Ørjan Turner, P. Lee Tweedie, Craig E. Webber, Patrick J. Wookey, Philip A. |
author_sort |
Walker, Marilyn D. |
title |
Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome |
title_short |
Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome |
title_full |
Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome |
title_fullStr |
Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome |
title_full_unstemmed |
Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome |
title_sort |
plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/5dcc03e0-e1e5-45da-a3e5-3b6a5f28c734 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503198103 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Tundra |
op_source |
Walker , M D , Wahren , C H , Hollister , R D , Henry , G H R , Ahlquist , L E , Alatalo , J M , Bret-Harte , M S , Calef , M P , Callaghan , T V , Carroll , A B , Epstein , H E , Jónsdóttir , I S , Klein , J A , Magnússon , B , Molau , U , Oberbauer , S F , Rewa , S P , Robinson , C H , Shaver , G R , Suding , K N , Thompson , C C , Tolvanen , A , Totland , Ø , Turner , P L , Tweedie , C E , Webber , P J & Wookey , P A 2006 , ' Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 103 , no. 5 , pp. 1342-1346 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503198103 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503198103 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
103 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
1342 |
op_container_end_page |
1346 |
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1782331512499208192 |