The contribution of population age-sex structure to the excess mortality estimates of 2020–2021 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden
The Nordic countries offer an ideal case study of the COVID-19 pandemic due to their comparability, high data quality, and variable mitigations. We investigated the age- and sex-specific mortality patterns during 2020–2021 for the five Nordic countries and analysed the total age- and sex-adjusted ex...
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Online Access: | https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/998b02c9-88af-464c-b0f6-975269e4de68 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101377 |
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ftulundlup:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:998b02c9-88af-464c-b0f6-975269e4de68 2024-05-19T07:42:42+00:00 The contribution of population age-sex structure to the excess mortality estimates of 2020–2021 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden Kepp, Kasper P. Björk, Jonas Emilsson, Louise Lallukka, Tea 2023-06 https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/998b02c9-88af-464c-b0f6-975269e4de68 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101377 eng eng Elsevier https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/998b02c9-88af-464c-b0f6-975269e4de68 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101377 scopus:85149749631 pmid:36919136 SSM - Population Health; 22, no 101377 (2023) ISSN: 2352-8273 Public Health Global Health Social Medicine and Epidemiology Age-specific death rates COVID-19 Excess deaths Health demographics Nordic countries contributiontojournal/article info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 2023 ftulundlup https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101377 2024-04-23T23:46:18Z The Nordic countries offer an ideal case study of the COVID-19 pandemic due to their comparability, high data quality, and variable mitigations. We investigated the age- and sex-specific mortality patterns during 2020–2021 for the five Nordic countries and analysed the total age- and sex-adjusted excess deaths, ratios of actual to expected death rates, and age-standardized excess death estimates. We assessed excess deaths using several time periods and sensitivity tests, and 42 sex and age groups. Declining pre-pandemic age-specific death rates reflected improving health demographics. These affect the expected death estimates and should be accounted for in excess mortality models. Denmark had the highest death rates both before and during the pandemic, whereas in 2020 Sweden had the largest mortality increase. The age-standardized mortality of Denmark, Iceland and Norway was lowest in 2020. 2021 was one of the lowest mortality years for all Nordic countries. The total excess deaths in 2020–2021 were dominated by 70−89-year-olds, were not identified in children, and were more pronounced among men than women. Sweden had more excess deaths in 2020 than in 2021, whereas Finland, Norway and Denmark had the opposite. Our study provides new details on Nordic sex- and age-specific mortality during the first two years of the pandemic and shows that several metrics are important to enable a full understanding and comparison of the pandemic mortality. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Lund University Publications (LUP) SSM - Population Health 22 101377 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Lund University Publications (LUP) |
op_collection_id |
ftulundlup |
language |
English |
topic |
Public Health Global Health Social Medicine and Epidemiology Age-specific death rates COVID-19 Excess deaths Health demographics Nordic countries |
spellingShingle |
Public Health Global Health Social Medicine and Epidemiology Age-specific death rates COVID-19 Excess deaths Health demographics Nordic countries Kepp, Kasper P. Björk, Jonas Emilsson, Louise Lallukka, Tea The contribution of population age-sex structure to the excess mortality estimates of 2020–2021 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden |
topic_facet |
Public Health Global Health Social Medicine and Epidemiology Age-specific death rates COVID-19 Excess deaths Health demographics Nordic countries |
description |
The Nordic countries offer an ideal case study of the COVID-19 pandemic due to their comparability, high data quality, and variable mitigations. We investigated the age- and sex-specific mortality patterns during 2020–2021 for the five Nordic countries and analysed the total age- and sex-adjusted excess deaths, ratios of actual to expected death rates, and age-standardized excess death estimates. We assessed excess deaths using several time periods and sensitivity tests, and 42 sex and age groups. Declining pre-pandemic age-specific death rates reflected improving health demographics. These affect the expected death estimates and should be accounted for in excess mortality models. Denmark had the highest death rates both before and during the pandemic, whereas in 2020 Sweden had the largest mortality increase. The age-standardized mortality of Denmark, Iceland and Norway was lowest in 2020. 2021 was one of the lowest mortality years for all Nordic countries. The total excess deaths in 2020–2021 were dominated by 70−89-year-olds, were not identified in children, and were more pronounced among men than women. Sweden had more excess deaths in 2020 than in 2021, whereas Finland, Norway and Denmark had the opposite. Our study provides new details on Nordic sex- and age-specific mortality during the first two years of the pandemic and shows that several metrics are important to enable a full understanding and comparison of the pandemic mortality. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kepp, Kasper P. Björk, Jonas Emilsson, Louise Lallukka, Tea |
author_facet |
Kepp, Kasper P. Björk, Jonas Emilsson, Louise Lallukka, Tea |
author_sort |
Kepp, Kasper P. |
title |
The contribution of population age-sex structure to the excess mortality estimates of 2020–2021 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden |
title_short |
The contribution of population age-sex structure to the excess mortality estimates of 2020–2021 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden |
title_full |
The contribution of population age-sex structure to the excess mortality estimates of 2020–2021 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden |
title_fullStr |
The contribution of population age-sex structure to the excess mortality estimates of 2020–2021 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden |
title_full_unstemmed |
The contribution of population age-sex structure to the excess mortality estimates of 2020–2021 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden |
title_sort |
contribution of population age-sex structure to the excess mortality estimates of 2020–2021 in denmark, finland, iceland, norway, and sweden |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/998b02c9-88af-464c-b0f6-975269e4de68 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101377 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
SSM - Population Health; 22, no 101377 (2023) ISSN: 2352-8273 |
op_relation |
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/998b02c9-88af-464c-b0f6-975269e4de68 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101377 scopus:85149749631 pmid:36919136 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101377 |
container_title |
SSM - Population Health |
container_volume |
22 |
container_start_page |
101377 |
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1799482389237334016 |