Temperature and salt content regimes in three shallow ice-covered lakes 1. Temperature, salt content, and density structure
A field study on the temperature, salt content, and density regime in three shallow ice-covered Karelian lakes is presented. The measurements show that the heat content increases during the whole ice-covered period. At ice formation a weak stable stratification existed in the lakes, with average tem...
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Language: | English |
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1997
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Online Access: | https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/2595364 https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.1997.0007 |
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ftulundlup:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:87e0ac48-1672-46a6-b222-feaa4583fd1e 2023-07-16T03:59:21+02:00 Temperature and salt content regimes in three shallow ice-covered lakes 1. Temperature, salt content, and density structure Malm, J. Terzhevik, A. Bengtsson, Lars Boyarinov, P. Glinsky, A. Palshin, N. Petrov, M. 1997 https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/2595364 https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.1997.0007 eng eng https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/2595364 http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1997.0007 scopus:0031450297 Nordic Hydrology; 28(2), pp 99-128 (1997) ISSN: 0029-1277 Water Engineering contributiontojournal/article info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 1997 ftulundlup https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.1997.0007 2023-06-28T22:28:12Z A field study on the temperature, salt content, and density regime in three shallow ice-covered Karelian lakes is presented. The measurements show that the heat content increases during the whole ice-covered period. At ice formation a weak stable stratification existed in the lakes, with average temperatures about 1 degrees C. Thereafter, the stability of the stratification gradually increased, mainly due to pronounced temperature increases in the bottom layers. In mid-winter the bottom layer in the deep parts of the lakes obtained temperatures above 4 degrees C. The density stratification in these layers was stable, however, due to higher salt contents (increasing continuously during the winter) in the vicinity of the bottom. The horizontal variations in temperature and salt content were very small, and both parameters can be considered to be horizontally homogeneous. Under-ice convection was developed in two of the three investigated lakes during the second half of April, when heating due to penetrating solar radiation became apparent. Although no under-ice convection in the conventional sense occurred in the third lake (Uros), interior convection developed when the temperature exceeded 4 degrees C (the temperature of maximum density) there. The absence of under-ice convection in Lake Uros is most likely due to the higher vertical temperature gradient in the lake before spring heating and smaller extinction coefficient than in the other two lakes. Article in Journal/Newspaper karelian Lund University Publications (LUP) Hydrology Research 28 2 99 128 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Lund University Publications (LUP) |
op_collection_id |
ftulundlup |
language |
English |
topic |
Water Engineering |
spellingShingle |
Water Engineering Malm, J. Terzhevik, A. Bengtsson, Lars Boyarinov, P. Glinsky, A. Palshin, N. Petrov, M. Temperature and salt content regimes in three shallow ice-covered lakes 1. Temperature, salt content, and density structure |
topic_facet |
Water Engineering |
description |
A field study on the temperature, salt content, and density regime in three shallow ice-covered Karelian lakes is presented. The measurements show that the heat content increases during the whole ice-covered period. At ice formation a weak stable stratification existed in the lakes, with average temperatures about 1 degrees C. Thereafter, the stability of the stratification gradually increased, mainly due to pronounced temperature increases in the bottom layers. In mid-winter the bottom layer in the deep parts of the lakes obtained temperatures above 4 degrees C. The density stratification in these layers was stable, however, due to higher salt contents (increasing continuously during the winter) in the vicinity of the bottom. The horizontal variations in temperature and salt content were very small, and both parameters can be considered to be horizontally homogeneous. Under-ice convection was developed in two of the three investigated lakes during the second half of April, when heating due to penetrating solar radiation became apparent. Although no under-ice convection in the conventional sense occurred in the third lake (Uros), interior convection developed when the temperature exceeded 4 degrees C (the temperature of maximum density) there. The absence of under-ice convection in Lake Uros is most likely due to the higher vertical temperature gradient in the lake before spring heating and smaller extinction coefficient than in the other two lakes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Malm, J. Terzhevik, A. Bengtsson, Lars Boyarinov, P. Glinsky, A. Palshin, N. Petrov, M. |
author_facet |
Malm, J. Terzhevik, A. Bengtsson, Lars Boyarinov, P. Glinsky, A. Palshin, N. Petrov, M. |
author_sort |
Malm, J. |
title |
Temperature and salt content regimes in three shallow ice-covered lakes 1. Temperature, salt content, and density structure |
title_short |
Temperature and salt content regimes in three shallow ice-covered lakes 1. Temperature, salt content, and density structure |
title_full |
Temperature and salt content regimes in three shallow ice-covered lakes 1. Temperature, salt content, and density structure |
title_fullStr |
Temperature and salt content regimes in three shallow ice-covered lakes 1. Temperature, salt content, and density structure |
title_full_unstemmed |
Temperature and salt content regimes in three shallow ice-covered lakes 1. Temperature, salt content, and density structure |
title_sort |
temperature and salt content regimes in three shallow ice-covered lakes 1. temperature, salt content, and density structure |
publishDate |
1997 |
url |
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/2595364 https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.1997.0007 |
genre |
karelian |
genre_facet |
karelian |
op_source |
Nordic Hydrology; 28(2), pp 99-128 (1997) ISSN: 0029-1277 |
op_relation |
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/2595364 http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1997.0007 scopus:0031450297 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.1997.0007 |
container_title |
Hydrology Research |
container_volume |
28 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
99 |
op_container_end_page |
128 |
_version_ |
1771547002612482048 |