Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies
Recent studies have demonstrated that human societies are hierarchically structured with a consistent scaling ratio across successive layers of the social network; each layer of the network is between three and four times the size of the preceding (smaller) grouping level. Here we show that similar...
Published in: | Biology Letters |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Royal Society Publishing
2016
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0393 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2675873f-c7f8-4711-aac4-6f23e0cf0f75 |
id |
ftuloxford:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:2675873f-c7f8-4711-aac4-6f23e0cf0f75 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftuloxford:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:2675873f-c7f8-4711-aac4-6f23e0cf0f75 2023-05-15T17:53:32+02:00 Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies Hill, R Bentley, R Dunbar, R 2016-07-28 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0393 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2675873f-c7f8-4711-aac4-6f23e0cf0f75 eng eng Royal Society Publishing doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0393 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2675873f-c7f8-4711-aac4-6f23e0cf0f75 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0393 info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess Anthropology Journal article 2016 ftuloxford https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0393 2022-06-28T20:08:07Z Recent studies have demonstrated that human societies are hierarchically structured with a consistent scaling ratio across successive layers of the social network; each layer of the network is between three and four times the size of the preceding (smaller) grouping level. Here we show that similar relationships hold for four mammalian taxa living in multi-level social systems. For elephant (Loxodonta africana), geleda (Theropithicus geleda) and hamadryas (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) baboon, successive layers of social organization have a scaling ratio of almost exactly 3, indicaitng that such branching ratios may be a consistent feature of all hierarchically structured societies. Interestingly, the scaling ratio for orca (Orcinus orca) was 3.8, which might mean that aquatic environments place different constraints on the organization of social hierarchies. However, circumstantial evidence from a range of other species suggests that scaling ratios close to 3 may apply widely, even in species where hierarchical social structures have not traditionally been identified. These results identify the origin of the hierarchical, fractal-like organization of mammalian social systems as a fundamental question. Article in Journal/Newspaper Orca Orcinus orca ORA - Oxford University Research Archive Biology Letters 4 6 748 751 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
ORA - Oxford University Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftuloxford |
language |
English |
topic |
Anthropology |
spellingShingle |
Anthropology Hill, R Bentley, R Dunbar, R Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies |
topic_facet |
Anthropology |
description |
Recent studies have demonstrated that human societies are hierarchically structured with a consistent scaling ratio across successive layers of the social network; each layer of the network is between three and four times the size of the preceding (smaller) grouping level. Here we show that similar relationships hold for four mammalian taxa living in multi-level social systems. For elephant (Loxodonta africana), geleda (Theropithicus geleda) and hamadryas (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) baboon, successive layers of social organization have a scaling ratio of almost exactly 3, indicaitng that such branching ratios may be a consistent feature of all hierarchically structured societies. Interestingly, the scaling ratio for orca (Orcinus orca) was 3.8, which might mean that aquatic environments place different constraints on the organization of social hierarchies. However, circumstantial evidence from a range of other species suggests that scaling ratios close to 3 may apply widely, even in species where hierarchical social structures have not traditionally been identified. These results identify the origin of the hierarchical, fractal-like organization of mammalian social systems as a fundamental question. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hill, R Bentley, R Dunbar, R |
author_facet |
Hill, R Bentley, R Dunbar, R |
author_sort |
Hill, R |
title |
Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies |
title_short |
Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies |
title_full |
Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies |
title_fullStr |
Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies |
title_sort |
network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies |
publisher |
Royal Society Publishing |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0393 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2675873f-c7f8-4711-aac4-6f23e0cf0f75 |
genre |
Orca Orcinus orca |
genre_facet |
Orca Orcinus orca |
op_relation |
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0393 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2675873f-c7f8-4711-aac4-6f23e0cf0f75 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0393 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0393 |
container_title |
Biology Letters |
container_volume |
4 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
748 |
op_container_end_page |
751 |
_version_ |
1766161236534231040 |