Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 1: Slabs on compliant and collapsible weak layers
Dry-snow slab avalanche release is preceded by a fracture process within the snowpack. Recognizing weak-layer collapse as an integral part of the fracture process is crucial and explains phenomena such as whumpf sounds and remote triggering of avalanches from low-angle terrain. In this two-part work...
Published in: | The Cryosphere |
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Online Access: | http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/11573/ https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/11573/1/rosendahl1.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-115-2020 https://doi.org/10.25534/tuprints-00011573 |
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ftulbdarmstadt:oai:tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:11573 2023-09-05T13:23:43+02:00 Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 1: Slabs on compliant and collapsible weak layers Rosendahl, Philipp L. Weißgraeber, Philipp 2020 text http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/11573/ https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/11573/1/rosendahl1.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-115-2020 https://doi.org/10.25534/tuprints-00011573 en eng Copernicus https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/11573/1/rosendahl1.pdf Rosendahl, Philipp L. <http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/view/person/Rosendahl=3APhilipp_L=2E=3A=3A.html> Weißgraeber, Philipp <http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/view/person/Wei=DFgraeber=3APhilipp=3A=3A.html> (2020):Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 1: Slabs on compliant and collapsible weak layers.In: The Cryosphere, 14 (1), pp. 115-130. Copernicus, ISSN 1994-0424, DOI:10.25534/tuprints-00011573 <https://doi.org/10.25534/tuprints-00011573>, [Article] CC BY 4.0 International - Creative Commons, Attribution info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Article NonPeerReviewed info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2020 ftulbdarmstadt https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-115-202010.25534/tuprints-00011573 2023-08-22T19:46:05Z Dry-snow slab avalanche release is preceded by a fracture process within the snowpack. Recognizing weak-layer collapse as an integral part of the fracture process is crucial and explains phenomena such as whumpf sounds and remote triggering of avalanches from low-angle terrain. In this two-part work we propose a novel closed-form analytical model for a snowpack under skier loading and a mixed-mode failure criterion for the nucleation of weak-layer failure. In the first part of this two-part series we introduce a closed-form analytical model of a snowpack accounting for the deformable layer. Despite the importance of persistent weak layers for slab avalanche release, no simple analytical model considering weak-layer deformations is available. The proposed model provides deformations of the snow slab, weak-layer stresses and energy release rates of cracks within the weak layer. It generally applies to skier-loaded slopes as well as stability tests such as the propagation saw test. A validation with a numerical reference model shows very good agreement of the stress and energy release rate results in several parametric studies including analyses of the bridging effect and slope angle dependence. The proposed model is used to analyze 93 propagation saw tests. Computed weak-layer fracture toughness values are physically meaningful and in excellent agreement with finite element analyses. Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere TU Darmstadt: tuprints The Cryosphere 14 1 115 130 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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TU Darmstadt: tuprints |
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ftulbdarmstadt |
language |
English |
description |
Dry-snow slab avalanche release is preceded by a fracture process within the snowpack. Recognizing weak-layer collapse as an integral part of the fracture process is crucial and explains phenomena such as whumpf sounds and remote triggering of avalanches from low-angle terrain. In this two-part work we propose a novel closed-form analytical model for a snowpack under skier loading and a mixed-mode failure criterion for the nucleation of weak-layer failure. In the first part of this two-part series we introduce a closed-form analytical model of a snowpack accounting for the deformable layer. Despite the importance of persistent weak layers for slab avalanche release, no simple analytical model considering weak-layer deformations is available. The proposed model provides deformations of the snow slab, weak-layer stresses and energy release rates of cracks within the weak layer. It generally applies to skier-loaded slopes as well as stability tests such as the propagation saw test. A validation with a numerical reference model shows very good agreement of the stress and energy release rate results in several parametric studies including analyses of the bridging effect and slope angle dependence. The proposed model is used to analyze 93 propagation saw tests. Computed weak-layer fracture toughness values are physically meaningful and in excellent agreement with finite element analyses. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rosendahl, Philipp L. Weißgraeber, Philipp |
spellingShingle |
Rosendahl, Philipp L. Weißgraeber, Philipp Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 1: Slabs on compliant and collapsible weak layers |
author_facet |
Rosendahl, Philipp L. Weißgraeber, Philipp |
author_sort |
Rosendahl, Philipp L. |
title |
Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 1: Slabs on compliant and collapsible weak layers |
title_short |
Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 1: Slabs on compliant and collapsible weak layers |
title_full |
Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 1: Slabs on compliant and collapsible weak layers |
title_fullStr |
Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 1: Slabs on compliant and collapsible weak layers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 1: Slabs on compliant and collapsible weak layers |
title_sort |
modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – part 1: slabs on compliant and collapsible weak layers |
publisher |
Copernicus |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/11573/ https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/11573/1/rosendahl1.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-115-2020 https://doi.org/10.25534/tuprints-00011573 |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/11573/1/rosendahl1.pdf Rosendahl, Philipp L. <http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/view/person/Rosendahl=3APhilipp_L=2E=3A=3A.html> Weißgraeber, Philipp <http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/view/person/Wei=DFgraeber=3APhilipp=3A=3A.html> (2020):Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 1: Slabs on compliant and collapsible weak layers.In: The Cryosphere, 14 (1), pp. 115-130. Copernicus, ISSN 1994-0424, DOI:10.25534/tuprints-00011573 <https://doi.org/10.25534/tuprints-00011573>, [Article] |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 International - Creative Commons, Attribution info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-115-202010.25534/tuprints-00011573 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
115 |
op_container_end_page |
130 |
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1776204303457845248 |